Term Index (T)

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Term Index (T)

T:
- T-type star (T): brown dwarf with a temperature in the vicinity of 1000 K
- tesla (T): unit of magnetic flux density
- timescale (t,τ): general length of time something takes
T association: stellar association with T-Tauri stars
- stellar association: like a large open cluster but even less tightly bound
T dwarf:
- brown dwarf (BD): star-like object with less mass than a star
- T-type star (T): brown dwarf with a temperature in the vicinity of 1000 K
T Tau:
- T Tauri: variable star taken as example of young star
T Tau N:
- T Tauri: variable star taken as example of young star
T Tau Sa:
- T Tauri: variable star taken as example of young star
T Tau Sb:
- T Tauri: variable star taken as example of young star
T Tauri: variable star taken as example of young star
Télescope à Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires:
- TAROT: network of telescopes to catch GRB optical counterparts
TŻO:
- Thorne-Żytkow object (TZO,TŻO): giant star with a neutron star at its center
T-1:
- Palomar-Leiden Survey (PLS): 1960s survey to identify distant asteroids
T-2:
- Palomar-Leiden Survey (PLS): 1960s survey to identify distant asteroids
T-3:
- Palomar-Leiden Survey (PLS): 1960s survey to identify distant asteroids
T-class:
- T-type star (T): brown dwarf with a temperature in the vicinity of 1000 K
T-class star:
- T-type star (T): brown dwarf with a temperature in the vicinity of 1000 K
T-mode:
- CMB polarization: effects of scattering and lensing on the CMB
T-ReCS:
- Gemini Observatory: pair of telescopes in Hawaii and Chile
T-Tauri star (TTS): type of variable pre-main-sequence star
- Herbig AeBe star (HAeBe): type of pre-main-sequence star more massive than a T-Tauri star
- pre-main-sequence star (PMS,pre-MS): star not yet with a nuclear reaction
- T association: stellar association with T-Tauri stars
T-type star (T): brown dwarf with a temperature in the vicinity of 1000 K
t₀:
- Lambda-CDM model (ΛCDM,LCDM): Big-Bang cosmological model with a cosmological constant and cold dark matter
- seeing: apparent blurring and twinkling of objects seen through atmosphere
T_B:
- brightness temperature (T_B): temperature of an equivalent black body in terms of intensity
T_BB:
- effective temperature (T_eff,Teff): temperature of an equivalent black body in terms of total radiation
T_C:
- color temperature (T_C): temperature-measure of a source based on a color index
T_e:
- elastic thickness (T_e): measure of the thickness of a sagging layer of a planet surface
T_eff:
- effective temperature (T_eff,Teff): temperature of an equivalent black body in terms of total radiation
T_eph:
- time standard: method of designating points in time and quantifying time periods
T_eq:
- equilibrium temperature (T_eq,Teq): temperature a planet would have if it were an externally-heated black body
t_H:
- Hubble time (t_H): approximation of the age of the universe
T_n:
- elastic thickness (T_e): measure of the thickness of a sagging layer of a planet surface
T_Vir:
- virial theorem: average kinetic energy equals half the average negative potential energy
TA:
- Telescope Array Project (TA): cosmic-ray observatory aiming for extremely energetic particles
Tabby's Star:
- KIC 8462852: star with unusual variations
TAC 1.0:
- USNO Twin Astrograph: USNO astrograph deployed in 1970
TAC 2.0:
- USNO Twin Astrograph: USNO astrograph deployed in 1970
TAI:
- terrestrial time (TT): current measure of time for astronomical observations on Earth
TAIGA experiment:
- Tunka experiment: Russian Cherenkov detector aimed at cosmic rays and gamma rays
tail:
- comet: Sun-orbiting object with coma and possible tail
TAIPAN: multi-object spectrograph with robot fiber-positioner
- fiber positioner: machine to set up fibers in multi-object spectrograph
- UK Schmidt Telescope (UKST): 1.2 meter telescope in Australia with wide field-of-view
Taipan Galaxy Survey:
- TAIPAN: multi-object spectrograph with robot fiber-positioner
Taiwan:
- Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA,IAA): Taiwanese astrophysics research organization
TALE:
- Telescope Array Project (TA): cosmic-ray observatory aiming for extremely energetic particles
TAM: non-gray-RT 3D model of Titan's atmosphere
TAMA 300: small prototype gravitational wave detector in Japan
TAMS:
- post-main-sequence star: star evolved beyond its main sequence phase
- zero-age main sequence (ZAMS): describes stars that just began hydrogen fusion
tangential velocity:
- radial velocity (RV): component of velocity toward or away from observer
TAO:
- Llano de Chajnantor Observatory: group of observatories on a high plateau of the Atacama Desert
- University of Tokyo Atacama Observatory (TAO): observatory for a 6.5 m infrared telescope under construction
TAP:
- Taurus-Auriga Complex (Tau-Aur Complex): nearby star-forming region
TARA:
- Telescope Array Project (TA): cosmic-ray observatory aiming for extremely energetic particles
Tarantula Nebula:
- VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey (VFTS): VLT spectroscopic survey of massive stars
TAROT: network of telescopes to catch GRB optical counterparts
TAROT telescope:
- La Silla Observatory (LSO): Atacama-desert observatory run by ESO
task:
- task-based parallelism (TBP): breaking a computation into tasks that can be run in parallel
task-based parallelism (TBP): breaking a computation into tasks that can be run in parallel
tau:
- standard model: model of elementary particles including quarks
- supersymmetry (SUSY): extension to standard model of particle physics
tau neutrino:
- Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein effect (MSW effect): neutrino oscillation between three flavors
- standard model: model of elementary particles including quarks
Tau-Aur Complex:
- Taurus-Auriga Complex (Tau-Aur Complex): nearby star-forming region
Taub spacetime: early mathematics for a rotating black hole spacetime
- Taub-NUT spacetime: early mathematics for a rotating black hole spacetime
Taub-NUT spacetime: early mathematics for a rotating black hole spacetime
- Kerr-NUT spacetime: Kerr spacetime defined in terms of Taub-NUT spacetime
Tauras A:
- Crab Nebula (M1): supernova remnant in Taurus
Taurus Auriga Perseus Complex:
- Taurus-Auriga Complex (Tau-Aur Complex): nearby star-forming region
Taurus Dark Clouds:
- Taurus-Auriga Complex (Tau-Aur Complex): nearby star-forming region
Taurus Molecular Cloud:
- HL Tau: much-studied T-Tauri star
- Taurus Molecular Cloud 1 (TMC-1,TMC): nearby star-forming region
Taurus Molecular Cloud 1 (TMC-1,TMC): nearby star-forming region
Taurus Molecular Cloud 2:
- Taurus Molecular Cloud 1 (TMC-1,TMC): nearby star-forming region
- Taurus-Auriga Complex (Tau-Aur Complex): nearby star-forming region
Taurus-Auriga Complex (Tau-Aur Complex): nearby star-forming region
Taurus-Auriga Region:
- Taurus-Auriga Complex (Tau-Aur Complex): nearby star-forming region
Taurus-Auriga SFR:
- Taurus-Auriga Complex (Tau-Aur Complex): nearby star-forming region
Taurus-Auriga T association:
- T association: stellar association with T-Tauri stars
TAUVEX:
- Spektr-RG (SRG, SXG): Russian-German X-ray observatory launched in 2019
Taylor column:
- Taylor-Proudman theorem: theorem regarding movement through a rotating fluid
Taylor series:
- finite difference method (FDM): means of estimating calculus and differential equation solutions
- Fourier transform (FT): systematic method of breaking down functions into periodic components
- Legendre polynomials: useful sequence of polynomials
Taylor series expansion:
- Bernstein polynomial: polynomial form capable of producing arbitrary shapes
Taylor-Proudman theorem: theorem regarding movement through a rotating fluid
TB:
- CMB polarization: effects of scattering and lensing on the CMB
TBL:
- Zeeman-Doppler imaging (ZDI): technique for imaging stellar magnetic fields
TBP:
- task-based parallelism (TBP): breaking a computation into tasks that can be run in parallel
TBTF:
- dwarf galaxy problem: theories have more dwarf galaxies than are observed
Tc-rich star:
- technetium star: star showing technetium absorption lines
TCB:
- time standard: method of designating points in time and quantifying time periods
TCG:
- terrestrial time (TT): current measure of time for astronomical observations on Earth
TCS:
- Teide Observatory: observatory on Mount Teide in the Canary Islands
TD:
- neutron star merger: two neutron stars meeting and forming one
- time standard: method of designating points in time and quantifying time periods
TD-1:
- TD-1A: 1970s European observatory-satellite with UV telescopes
TD-1A: 1970s European observatory-satellite with UV telescopes
TD1:
- TD-1A: 1970s European observatory-satellite with UV telescopes
TDB:
- time standard: method of designating points in time and quantifying time periods
TDE:
- tidal disruption event (TDE,TDF): star pulled apart by black hole tidal forces
TDF:
- tidal disruption event (TDE,TDF): star pulled apart by black hole tidal forces
TDT:
- time standard: method of designating points in time and quantifying time periods
TDV:
- exosatellite: natural satellite not in the solar system
- transit timing variations (TTV): variations in the timing of the transits of exoplanets and binaries
TE:
- CMB polarization: effects of scattering and lensing on the CMB
- thermodynamic equilibrium (TE): state of a system with no net heat flows
technetium:
- technetium star: star showing technetium absorption lines
technetium star: star showing technetium absorption lines
technique:
- adaptive refinement tree (ART): algorithm-type for solving n-body problem
- aperture photometry: method of determining the brightness of an imaged star
- apodization: improving telescope images by manipulating diffraction
- Bernstein polynomial: polynomial form capable of producing arbitrary shapes
- destriping: removing streak-like noise from images
- drift scan: method of observing substantial sky with CCDs
- dropout: means of identifying distant galaxies
- Gini/M20: an automatable method of detecting whether a galaxy has recently merged
- gravity assist: method of boosting the speed of a spacecraft
- HARM²: technique for parallelizing computations of radiation with hydrodynamics
- HCI: imaging of targets very near bright objects
- line tomography: using double-peaked spectral lines to place constituents of a disk
- Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC): model technique to approximate multi-dimensional integrals
- maximum likelihood mapmaking: method of making maps using varying data
- nondimensionalization: manipulation of an equation to remove dimensions
- numerical analysis: using equations through repetitive arithmetic
- occultation observations: gathering astronomical information through measuring occultations
- PCA analysis: an automatable method of determining galaxy morphology
- photon counting: sensing EMR down to the photon level
- PSF fitting: untangling airy disks to gain effective resolution
- quantum Monte Carlo (QMC): MC approach to difficult quantum mechanical problems
- shearing box: method of simulating 3D MHD in disks
- sky subtraction: removing background radiation from a telescope observation
- smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH): computational method for simulating fluid flows
- stellar population synthesis (SPS): using spectral characteristics of galaxies to characterize their stellar populations
- subgrid-scale physics: shortcuts handling physics on a smaller scale than a simulation's grid
- three dimensional model: computer simulation handling variation in all three dimensions
- volume weighting: method of accommodating the Malmquist bias
- Zeeman-Doppler imaging (ZDI): technique for imaging stellar magnetic fields
technology:
- duty cycle: percent of time when activity is recurring
- systematic error: errors with non-random characteristics
technomarker:
- biosignature: sign of life
technosignature:
- biosignature: sign of life
TECP:
- Phoenix: Mars polar-region probe launched by NASA in 2007 with lander
tectonic activity:
- crustal plates: sections of the Earth's crust that move
Teegarden's Star: nearby red dwarf
Teff:
- effective temperature (T_eff,Teff): temperature of an equivalent black body in terms of total radiation
TEGA:
- Phoenix: Mars polar-region probe launched by NASA in 2007 with lander
Teide:
- rare designator prefixes: designator prefixes generally used for only a few objects
Teide Observatory: observatory on Mount Teide in the Canary Islands
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC): research institute on Canary Islands
- LSPE-STRIP: CMB survey telescope in Canary Islands
- Tenerife Experiment: 1980s-1990s survey of CMB anisotropies
- Trans-Atlantic Exoplanet Survey (TrES): 2000s exoplanet-search survey using three telescopes
- Very Small Array (VSA): radio interferometer in Canary Islands
telegrapher's equations: two equations describing a transmission line
telescope: instrument to observe at a distance
- AGILE: Italian space gamma-ray observatory
- AKARI: Japanese space infrared telescope
- ALEXIS: 1990s soft X-ray transient monitor
- Allen Telescope Array (ATA): array of radio telescopes in northern California for SETI
- Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT): 3.9 m reflector telescope in Australia
- ARCADE: balloon-borne centimeter-wavelength surveyor
- Archeops: balloon-borne 1.8 m submillimeter telescope
- Arcminute Microkelvin Imager (AMI): pair of microwave arrays
- Arecibo Observatory (NAIC): former large 305 m radio telescope in Puerto Rico
- ARGO-YBJ Experiment: cosmic-ray/gamma-ray detector in Tibet
- Ariel 5: 1970s X-ray space telescope
- ASCA: 1990s Japanese space X-ray telescope
- ASTRO-H: Japanese space X-ray telescope
- Atacama B-Mode Search (ABS): 2012-2014 survey of the CMB
- Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT): 6 meter microwave survey telescope in Chile
- Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA): large radio telescope array in Chile
- Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX): 12-meter submillimeter telescope in Chile
- Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment (ASTE): ten meter submillimeter telescope in Chile
- AtLAST: concept for submillimeter survey telescope in Chile
- Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA): radio telescope in eastern Australia
- Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP): radio telescope array of 36 12-meter dishes
- Automated Planet Finder (APF): robotic telescope to find exoplanets using RV method
- BeppoSAX: Italian-Dutch space X-ray telescope
- BICEP2: survey to measure the polarization of the CMB
- BIMA telescope: millimeter interferometer in operation 1985 to 2005
- BlackGEM: telescope array in development to follow up gravitational wave signals
- BLAST: balloon-borne 1.8 m submillimeter telescope
- BOOMERanG: 1990s-2000s balloon-borne 1.3-meter millimeter telescope
- California Extremely Large Telescope (CELT): concept for an extremely large telescope
- Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO,LCT): 10.4 meter submillimeter telescope in Hawaii
- Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT): 3.6 meter optical/infrared telescope in Hawaii
- Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME,CH): radio telescope mapping distant neutral hydrogen
- Carbon Monoxide Mapping Array (COMA): planned experiment to observe epoch of reionization
- CCAT: 25-meter submillimeter telescope plan for Chile
- Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO): space X-ray telescope
- CHARA: optical interferometer
- CHEOPS: space telescope in development to measure radii of exoplanets
- Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA): ground gamma-ray telescope array in development
- CHIPSat: small satellite to investigate ISM plasma
- CMB Stage-4 (CMB-S4): planned 2020s-generation of ground CMB observations
- COAST: optical interferometer in England
- Colossus Telescope: concept for a 50-meter telescope using interferometry
- COMAP: high frequency radio telescope to map CO
- Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA): array of radio telescopes in eastern California
- Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO,GRO): 1990s space observatory for gamma ray observation
- Coronal Solar Magnetism Observatory (COSMO): proposed solar observatory
- COSI: 2000s balloon-based gamma ray telescope
- Cosmic Anisotropy Telescope (CAT): 1990s interferometer to measure CMB variations
- Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE): 1989 satellite for surveying the CMB
- Cosmic Background Imager (CBI): radio telescope in Chile observing the CMB
- CUBIXSS: solar spectrometer satellite concept
- DASI: 2000-2003 South Pole CMB telescope
- DSA-2000: array plan to detect radio transients
- EBEX: balloon-based CMB polarization survey
- Effelsberg 100-m Radio Telescope: German large single-dish radio telescope
- eROSITA: Russian/German space X-ray telescope launched in 2019
- ESO 3.6m Telescope: reflector telescope at La Silla
- Euclid: planned survey observatory-satellite to measure dark energy
- European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT,ELT): 39-meter telescope under construction
- European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope (ESO VLT,VLT): four 8.2-meter optical telescopes in Chile that can act together
- Event Horizon Telescope (EHT): growing VLBI network
- EXOSAT: 1980s European space X-ray telescope
- Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE): 1990s ultraviolet space telescope
- Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE): early 2000s space telescope for short-wavelength ultraviolet
- FAST: Arecibo-like 500 m telescope in deployment in China
- Fast Fourier Transform Telescope: proposed all-digital telescope with synthetic aperture
- FAUST: 1990s ultraviolet space telescope used on two shuttle missions
- Fermi (FGST,GLAST): satellite for studying gamma rays
- Fred Young Submillimeter Telescope (FYST,CCAT-p): 6-meter submillimeter survey telescope under construction in Chile
- Full-sky Astrometric Mapping Explorer (FAME): early 2000s proposal for an astrometric space telescope
- Gaia: 2010s astrometry survey satellite
- Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX): observatory-satellite with 50-cm ultraviolet telescope
- Galileo Observatory: infrared observatory-plane in the early 1970s
- Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT): 24.5 meter telescope under construction
- Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT): large radio interferometer in India
- Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope (GSMT): concept for an extremely large telescope
- Ginga: 1980s Japanese space X-ray telescope
- Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC): 10.4 meter telescope in the Canary Islands
- GRANAT: observatory-satellite for detecting gamma rays and X-rays
- Green Bank 140 Foot Telescope: West Virginia radio telescope
- Green Bank 300ft Telescope (GB300): former large radio telescope at Green Bank
- Green Bank Telescope (GBT,GB): West Virginia large radio telescope
- Greenland Telescope (GLT): 12 m radio telescope in Greenland
- HabEx: proposed space mission to directly image exoplanets
- HALCA: Japanese space radio telescope operating 1997-2005
- Hale Telescope: 5.1 m reflector telescope in California
- HEAO-1: 1977 X-ray observatory space mission
- HEAO-2: 1978 X-ray observatory space mission
- HERA: low frequency radio telescope
- Herschel Space Observatory: infrared observatory-satellite with 3.5 meter reflector
- High Definition Space Telescope (HDST): proposed 12 m space telescope
- High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS): ground gamma-ray telescope array
- High Energy Transient Explorer (HETE): 2000s space multi-band GRB observatory
- High-altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory (HAWC): gamma ray telescope using Cherenkov radiation
- Hipparcos: ESA astrometry space observatory circa 1990
- HIRAX: radio telescope array 21-cm surveying
- Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET,SST): 10 meter telescope in Texas
- Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT): 1990s ultraviolet space telescope used on two shuttle missions
- Hubble Space Telescope (HST): observatory-satellite with 2.4 meter reflective telescope
- Infrared Space Observatory (ISO): 1990s 60-cm infrared space telescope
- Infrared Survey Facility (IRSF): 140 cm reflector telescope that images in infrared
- Infrared Telescope Maffei (ITM,IRAIT): 80 cm infrared telescope in Antarctica
- INTEGRAL: European gamma ray observatory-satellite
- International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE): 1980s ultraviolet space telescope
- IOTA: past optical interferometer in Arizona
- IRAM 30m Telescope: millimeter-range radio telescope in Sierra Nevada, Spain
- IRAS: 1983 satellite that surveyed the sky in infrared
- IRTF: Mauna Kea 3-meter infrared telescope
- Isaac Newton Telescope (INT): 2.5 m telescope in Canary Islands
- James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT): far-infrared telescope in Hawaii
- James Webb Space Telescope (JWST): future space-based 6.5 meter infrared telescope
- K2: second Kepler mission that worked around failed equipment
- Keck Observatory: observatory in Hawaii with two 10-meter reflectors
- Kepler Telescope: space telescope that watched stars for exoplanets
- Kuiper Airborne Observatory (KAO): infrared observatory-plane in the 1980s
- LAMOST: Chinese telescope for spectroscopic surveys of stars and galaxies
- Large Altazimuth Telescope (BTA-6): 6-meter reflector telescope in Russia
- Large Binocular Telescope (LBT): dual 8.4 meter telescope in Arizona
- Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT): large microwave telescope in Mexico
- Large Zenith Telescope (LZT): 6 meter liquid mirror telescope in British Columbia
- Livermore Optical Transient Imaging System (LOTIS): automated telescope aiming to catch GRB optical counterparts
- LOPES: cosmic ray detector that detected resulting radio
- Low-frequency Array (LOFAR): low frequency radio telescope
- Lowell Discovery Telescope (LDT,DCT): 4.3 m telescope at Lowell Observatory, Arizona
- LSPE-STRIP: CMB survey telescope in Canary Islands
- LSPE-SWIPE: plan for a balloon-based CMB polarization survey
- LUVOIR: plan for a space-based telescope
- Lynx: concept for space X-ray observatory
- Magellan Telescopes: pair of 6.5 m optical telescopes in Chile
- Mark II (MKII): 38 m radio telescope in England
- MAXIMA: 1998-1999 balloon-borne 1.3-meter millimeter telescope
- Mayall 4m Telescope: 4 meter reflector telescope at Kitt Peak
- MeerKAT: new radio telescope in South Africa
- MeerLICHT: South African telescope coordinated with MeerKAT
- Mercator Telescope: 1.2 m telescope in the Canary Islands
- MERLIN: VLBI array spread across England
- Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX): 1990s space telescope
- Milagro: gamma ray telescope using Cherenkov radiation
- MMT: 6.5 meter telescope at Mt. Hopkins, Arizona
- Mopra Telescope: Australian 22 m radio telescope
- MRO Interferometer (MROI): optical interferometer in New Mexico
- Murchison Widefield Array (MWA): low frequency radio telescope
- Nançay Radio Telescope (NRT): France large single-dish radio telescope
- NANTEN2: millimeter telescope in Chile
- Narrabri Stellar Intensity Interferometer (NSII): 1960s optical interferometer for measuring stellar diameters
- Navy Precision Optical Interferometer (NPOI): optical interferometer in Arizona
- NEOSM: planned space observatory to detect and monitor NEOs
- NEOSSat: small spacecraft tracking NEOs
- New Technology Telescope (NTT): 3.58-meter reflector telescope in Chile
- Next Generation Very Large Array (ngVLA): planned radio telescope array as a follow-on to ALMA and the Jansky VLA
- NICER: space X-ray mission specifically to view neutron stars
- Northern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA): large radio telescope array under construction in Europe
- NuSTAR: space telescope for high-energy X-rays
- Ooty Radio Telescope (ORT): cylindrical radio telescope in India
- Origins Space Telescope (OST): concept for 2030s large space IR telescope
- OSO 7: 1970s observatory-satellite for viewing the Sun
- Overwhelmingly Large Telescope (OWL): 100 m telescope plan
- Palomar 48 Inch Telescope (P48): 48 inch Schmidt telescope at Palomar Observatory
- Palomar 60-inch Telescope (P60): 60 inch telescope at Palomar Observatory
- Palomar Testbed Interferometer (PTI): near-infrared interferometer experiment
- Parkes Observatory: Australian large single-dish radio telescope
- Planck: microwave telescope in space
- Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI): 6-dish interferometer in French Alps
- PLATO: planned observatory-satellite aimed at finding exoplanets
- QMAP: mid 1990s balloon-based CMB survey
- QUaD: survey to measure the polarization of the CMB
- QUBIC: survey to measure the polarization of the CMB
- QUIET: survey to measure the polarization of the CMB
- RATAN-600: ring-shaped radio telescope in Russia
- Roman Space Telescope (RST,WFIRST): proposed near-infrared space observatory
- ROSAT: 1990s German space X-ray telescope
- Rubin Observatory (VRO,LSST): 8-meter survey reflector telescope under construction in Chile
- RXTE: space mission to time X-ray variations
- Sardinia Radio Telescope (SRT): Italian large single-dish radio telescope
- Shane Telescope: 3.05 m reflector telescope at Lick Observatory
- SkyMapper: automated 1.35 m optical telescope in Australia
- Sloan 2.5m Telescope: telescope for SDSS in New Mexico
- SOAR: 4.1 m reflector telescope in Chile
- SOFIA: aircraft-based infrared observatory
- Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO): satellite observing the Sun
- Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO): 2010 satellite observing the Sun
- Solar Maximum Mission (SMM): 1980s satellite to study the Sun during solar maximum
- South Pole Telescope (SPT): a microwave to radio telescope at South Pole
- Southern African Large Telescope (SALT): 10 meter telescope in South Africa
- Spektr-R: 10 m space radio telescope
- SPICA: plan for a future space IR telescope
- SPIDER: 2015 balloon-borne observatory to observe CMB polarization
- Spitzer Space Telescope (SST): past a satellite with infrared telescope
- Square Kilometre Array (SKA): radio telescope collecting a square kilometer
- STAR-X: concept for a future X-ray space telescope
- STARE: array of radio telescopes monitoring radio transients
- STARFIRE: planned balloon-borne 2.5 m telescope and spectroscope
- Subaru Telescope: 8.2 meter telescope in Hawaii
- Submillimeter Array (SMA): radio interferometer in Hawaii
- Submillimeter Telescope (SMT,HHSMT): 10 meter far-infrared telescope
- Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Array (SZA): array of eight 3.5 meter microwave telescopes
- SUSI: optical interferometer in Australia
- Suzaku: space X-ray telescope
- Swedish-ESO Submillimetre Telescope (SEST): former 15 m radio telescope array in Chile
- Swift: satellite for studying gamma-ray bursts
- Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG): 3.58 m telescope in Canary Islands
- Tenerife Experiment: 1980s-1990s survey of CMB anisotropies
- Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF): plan for space telescopes to find smaller exoplanets
- Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT): extremely large telescope planned for Hawaii
- Tokyo Photoelectric Meridian Circle: Japanese telescope to determine the position of stars and planets
- TopHat: 2001 balloon -based CMB survey
- TRACE: former solar observing satellite
- Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS): observatory-satellite searching for transiting exoplanets
- TRAPPIST: ground-based automatic transiting planet finding telescope
- Uhuru: 1970 satellite X-ray telescope
- UK Schmidt Telescope (UKST): 1.2 meter telescope in Australia with wide field-of-view
- ULTRASAT: plan for a satellite to detect UV transients
- Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UIT): 1990s ultraviolet space telescope used on two Space Shuttle missions
- United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT): Mauna Kea 3.8 meter infrared telescope
- University of Tokyo Atacama Observatory (TAO): observatory for a 6.5 m infrared telescope under construction
- USNO Twin Astrograph: USNO astrograph deployed in 1970
- UTMOST: telescope aiming to detect radio transients
- Víctor M. Blanco Telescope: 4 m reflector telescope in Chile
- VERA: VLBI project to map the Milky Way
- VERITAS: ground gamma ray telescope array in Arizona
- Very Large Array (VLA): radio telescope in New Mexico
- Very Small Array (VSA): radio interferometer in Canary Islands
- VISTA: 4.1 meter telescope in Paranal Observatory in Chile
- VLT Survey Telescope (VST): survey telescope located at the VLT site
- Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT): radio telescope array of 14 dishes in Netherlands
- Wide Field Infrared Explorer (WIRE): partly-failed 1999 infrared satellite
- Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE): infrared space telescope aimed at an all-sky survey
- William Herschel Telescope (WHT): 4.2 meter telescope in the Canary Islands
- Wisconsin Ultraviolet Photo-polarimeter Experiment (WUPPE): 1990s ultraviolet space telescope used on two shuttle missions
- WIYN 3.5m Telescope: Kitt Peak telescope run by university collaboration with NOAO
- XMM-Newton: X-ray observatory-satellite operated by ESA
- Yohkoh: 1990s Japanese solar observatory spacecraft
- Yuan-Tseh Lee Array (YTLA,AMiBA): microwave interferometer in Canary Islands
Telescope Array Experiment:
- Telescope Array Project (TA): cosmic-ray observatory aiming for extremely energetic particles
Telescope Array Low Energy extension:
- Telescope Array Project (TA): cosmic-ray observatory aiming for extremely energetic particles
Telescope Array Project (TA): cosmic-ray observatory aiming for extremely energetic particles
Telescope Array RADAR:
- Telescope Array Project (TA): cosmic-ray observatory aiming for extremely energetic particles
Telescope Nazionale Galileo:
- HARPS-N: high-precision spectrograph for exoplanet searches in Canary Islands
telescope type: term indicating band or optics of a telescope
- astrograph: telescope designed for astrometry and other precise position measurements
- Astrolux: historically popular amateur telescope
- Cassegrain reflector: reflector telescope with convex secondary mirror
- Cherenkov detector: type of high energy photon or particle detector
- Compton telescope: type of gamma ray telescope for 0.75-30 MeV range
- coudé focus telescope: type of Nasmyth telescope with additional mirrors
- cylindrical telescope: telescope with cylindrical reflectors
- Dall-Kirkham telescope: type of reflector telescope
- Danjon astrolabe: instrument to measure the position of stars
- Dragone telescope: off-axis reflector telescope type that preserves polarization
- extremely large telescope (ELT): optical telescope with a 20+ meter aperture
- Gregorian telescope: type of reflector telescope
- Herschelian telescope: type of off-axis reflector telescope
- Korsch telescope: type of reflector telescope
- liquid mirror telescope: reflector telescope with primary mirror formed of spinning liquid
- meridian circle: instrument for timing the passage of stars over a meridian
- Nasmyth telescope: type of reflector telescope with secondary and tertiary mirrors
- Newtonian telescope: type of reflector telescope
- off-axis telescope: telescope
- pair telescope: telescope that detects gamma rays via pair production
- photographic zenith tube (PZT): telescope permanently mounted to the zenith
- prime focus: reflector telescope with no secondary mirror
- radio telescope: telescope that operates in the radio frequency range of EMR
- reflector telescope: telescope using mirrors rather than lenses to magnify
- refracting telescope: telescope using lenses rather than mirrors to magnify
- Ritchey-Chrétien telescope (RCT,RC): type of two-mirror reflector telescope
- Schiefspiegler: type of off-axis reflector telescope
- Schmidt camera: telescope type with a very wide field of view
- Schmidt-Newton telescope (SNT): type of reflector telescope
- software telescope: telescope that depends more than normal upon software for analysis
- solar telescope: telescope designed to observe the Sun
- three-mirror anastigmat: general type of reflector telescope
- transit telescope: telescope able to shift aim up/down but not horizontally
- Wolter telescope: reflector telescope using only shallow-angle reflections
- Yolo telescope: type of reflector telescope
telescopes:
- 1.3-mm observation: observation frequency useful for detecting dust
- aberration: types of flaws in telescope images
- ACe consortium: corporations contracted to construct E-ELT
- actuator: telescope control motor
- adaptive optics (AO): optical instruments that dynamically adapt to atmospheric distortion
- airmass: measure of Earth-atmosphere attenuation for a telescope observation
- Airy disk: image pattern an optical system produces from light from a point
- altazimuth mount: simple two-axis telescope mount
- angular magnification: a magnification measure for a magnifier with an eyepiece
- angular resolution: measure of a telescope's ability to distinguish spatial detail
- antenna pattern: a radio telescope's pattern of directional sensitivity
- aperture: opening through which light passes
- aperture masking interferometry (AMI): interferometry using a mask in front of the telescope
- apodization: improving telescope images by manipulating diffraction
- astigmatism: focusing differently according to direction across the focal plane
- back end instrument: instruments of a telescope that process or combine signals
- barrel distortion: distortion such that a square shows with convex edges
- chopping mirror: internal pivoting mirror to slightly change the instrument's aim
- chromatic aberration: focusing different wavelengths differently
- collecting area: cross-sectional area over which a telescope receives EMR
- commensal mode: telescope usage that accomplishes multiple observations simultaneously
- confusion limit: limit on telescope imaging due to too many sources in the same region
- continuous viewing zone (CVZ): region of sky that can be viewed 7×24×365
- coronagraph: telescope feature to block light from a specific body
- deformable mirror (DM): mirror that can be flexed for fine control
- diffraction limited: telescope limited only by the laws of diffraction
- distortion: aberration where the image is in focus but misshaped
- drift scan: method of observing substantial sky with CCDs
- elevation range: measure of how high and low a telescope can be pointed
- emissivity: measure of a material's efficiency at radiating thermal radiation
- equatorial mount: telescope mount with axis parallel to Earth's
- etendue (AΩ): measure of how wide and deep a telescope observes
- exit pupil: size of the image as presented to the eye
- exposure time calculator (ETC): app to calculate time to carry out an observation
- extreme adaptive optics (ExAO): high-performance version of AO system
- field curvature: focusing to a curved surface rather than a plane
- field of view (FOV): angular measure of how much an optical instrument can view
- filter: optical device to filter out part of the EMR spectrum
- first light: initial demonstration that a telescope works
- flux density: measure of the strength of a radio signal
- focal length: length from optical element to focal plane
- focal plane: plane within optical system at which an image is in focus
- focal plane tilt: focal plane not perpendicular to the optical axis
- front end instrument: instruments of a telescope that detect and encode the signal
- grating: spectrometer component
- grazing incidence optics (GIO): optics that avoid large changes to the angle of rays
- high-resolution imaging: typically, imaging with resolution better than a milliarcsecond
- hot pixel: CCD pixel that shows more brightness than it should
- illumination: measure of light energy producing a telescope's image
- image stabilization: camera mechanism to compensate for movement
- immersion grating: grating where light is within the material
- integration time: time required to acquire signal
- Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes (ING): three telescopes in Canary Islands
- legacy survey: phrase sometimes used in survey names
- limiting magnitude: faintest magnitude that a telescope or instrument can detect
- lucky imaging: method of combining short-term images to yield better resolution
- MASTER Robotic Net: network of automated telescopes to identify transients
- mirror support cell: units in a telescope that support the mirror
- monolithic mirror: telescope mirror made of one piece of material
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ): Japanese astronomy organization
- National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO): past US optical astronomy organization
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO): US radio astronomy organization
- natural astronomical telescopes: use of an astronomical body as a telescope
- NOIRLab: US optical/infrared astronomy organization
- observational astronomy: term covering observation
- occulting bar: telescope feature to block light from a specific body
- optical axis: center line through an optical instrument
- optics: science and technology regarding visible light
- Orbiting Astronomical Observatory (OAO): series of 1960s-1970s NASA space telescopes
- Orbiting Wide-angle Light Collectors (OWL): planned space mission to detect cosmic rays through Earth atmosphere light flashes
- phase plate: filter that changes the phase of light passing through
- pincushion distortion: distortion such that a square shows with concave edges
- plate scale: relation between angle and distance across an image
- point source sensitivity: determination of how readily an instrument detects a point source
- point-spread function (PSF): function describing an optical system's response to a point of light
- pointing error (PE): discrepancy in telescope's aim
- primary mirror: main mirror in a reflector telescope
- quad-ridge flare horn (QRFH): type of horn that can be incorporated in radio telescope feeds
- RAPTOR: automated array of telescopes to uncover and track transients
- real image: image that shows on a screen placed at its location
- RoboNet: global network of robotic telescopes to follow up on GRBs
- ROTSE: automated array of telescopes to uncover and track transients
- scan speed: the speed at which the telescope changes angle on the sky while observing
- seeing: apparent blurring and twinkling of objects seen through atmosphere
- segmented mirror: a telescope mirror formed of array of smaller mirrors
- shift-and-add: common speckle-suppression technique
- slew: rotating a telescope to point it
- SPARTAN: series of astronomy satellites launched/retrieved by space shuttle
- speckle imaging: method of combining short-term images to yield better resolution
- speckle masking: speckle suppression technique using a calculation of the bispectrum
- speckle suppression: methods of reducing noise in telescope observations
- speckles: image flaws such as extraneous spots
- spherical aberration: mis-focusing by spherically-curved mirrors and lenses
- stacking: combining images of the same object
- stray light: unintended light reaching a telescope's sensors
- Strehl ratio: measure of optical aberration
- systematic error: errors with non-random characteristics
- TAROT: network of telescopes to catch GRB optical counterparts
- telescope type: term indicating band or optics of a telescope
- wavefront error (WFE): measure of a class of telescope distortion
- wavefront sensor: instrument for determining a wave's deformation
telescopic asterism:
- asterism: easily recognizable star pattern
Telescopio Carlos Sanchez:
- Teide Observatory: observatory on Mount Teide in the Canary Islands
Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG): 3.58 m telescope in Canary Islands
- Roque de los Muchachos Observatory (ORM,LPO,NHO): observatory at La Palma in the Canary Islands
telluric:
- telluric star: star of known spectrum used for calibration
telluric contamination:
- absorption line: dark line in a spectrum
- telluric line: absorption line in ground observation due to Earth atmosphere
telluric contamination.:
- telluric star: star of known spectrum used for calibration
telluric correction:
- telluric line: absorption line in ground observation due to Earth atmosphere
telluric line: absorption line in ground observation due to Earth atmosphere
- absorption line: dark line in a spectrum
telluric line subtraction:
- telluric line: absorption line in ground observation due to Earth atmosphere
telluric planet:
- rocky planet: planet like Earth and Mars, mostly rock
telluric standard star:
- telluric star: star of known spectrum used for calibration
telluric star: star of known spectrum used for calibration
- telluric line: absorption line in ground observation due to Earth atmosphere
Tempel 1:
- EPOXI: mission using Deep Impact for further exploration
- Stardust: space mission that collected and returned comet coma dust
temperature: measure of hotness/coldness of matter
- atmospheric temperature profile: the atmosphere's temperature by altitude
- brightness temperature (T_B): temperature of an equivalent black body in terms of intensity
- color temperature (T_C): temperature-measure of a source based on a color index
- effective temperature (T_eff,Teff): temperature of an equivalent black body in terms of total radiation
- electron volt (eV): very small unit of energy
- equilibrium temperature (T_eq,Teq): temperature a planet would have if it were an externally-heated black body
- greenhouse effect: mechanism that boosts temperature through selective blocking of EMR
- H-R diagram (HRD): diagram relating effective temperature to luminosity
- Hayashi limit: limit on the temperature of a star dependent upon its mass and luminosity
- Hess diagram: diagram relating effective temperature to luminosity
- kelvin (K): temperature scale starting at absolute zero
- specific heat: ratio of added temperature to added heat for a material
- stellar temperature determination: methods by which the temperature of a star is determined
- surface temperature: temperature of the surface of a star or planet
- turn-off point (TO): point in H-R diagram of a cluster where stars turn red
- Wien's displacement law: temperature times wavelength with maximum intensity equals a constant
- zero-age main sequence (ZAMS): describes stars that just began hydrogen fusion
temperature gradient:
- stellar structure: the presumed internal structure of stars
temperature inversion:
- atmospheric temperature profile: the atmosphere's temperature by altitude
temperature profile:
- atmospheric temperature profile: the atmosphere's temperature by altitude
temperature scale height:
- scale height (H): measure of exponential falloff
templates: mechanism to help classify many survey objects or events
Tempo:
- pulsar timing array (PTA): cooperating set of pulsar timing observatories
Tempo2:
- pulsar timing array (PTA): cooperating set of pulsar timing observatories
temps dynamique barycentrique:
- time standard: method of designating points in time and quantifying time periods
temps-coordonnée barycentrique:
- time standard: method of designating points in time and quantifying time periods
Tenegra observatory:
- Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS): search for supernovae for cosmological study
Tenerife:
- Teide Observatory: observatory on Mount Teide in the Canary Islands
- Tenerife Experiment: 1980s-1990s survey of CMB anisotropies
Tenerife Experiment: 1980s-1990s survey of CMB anisotropies
TENGOO:
- MMX: Japanese probe to bring back a sample of a Martian moon
tensor:
- moment of inertia factor: characterization of mass distribution within a planet
Teq:
- equilibrium temperature (T_eq,Teq): temperature a planet would have if it were an externally-heated black body
terahertz:
- beat frequency: frequency emerging from two other frequencies
terminal-age main sequence:
- post-main-sequence star: star evolved beyond its main sequence phase
- zero-age main sequence (ZAMS): describes stars that just began hydrogen fusion
termination shock:
- heliosheath: region just beyond the heliosphere
terminator: line between regions of day and night
terminology:
- dex: a number or ratio's log base 10
- diagnostic: test or measurement that reveals something's characteristics
- in situ: on site
terrestrial dynamical time:
- time standard: method of designating points in time and quantifying time periods
terrestrial planet:
- rocky planet: planet like Earth and Mars, mostly rock
Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF): plan for space telescopes to find smaller exoplanets
terrestrial time (TT): current measure of time for astronomical observations on Earth
- time standard: method of designating points in time and quantifying time periods
tertiary mirror:
- astigmatism: focusing differently according to direction across the focal plane
- coudé focus telescope: type of Nasmyth telescope with additional mirrors
- Korsch telescope: type of reflector telescope
- Nasmyth telescope: type of reflector telescope with secondary and tertiary mirrors
- primary mirror: main mirror in a reflector telescope
- three-mirror anastigmat: general type of reflector telescope
Terzan:
- rare designator prefixes: designator prefixes generally used for only a few objects
TES:
- Mars Global Surveyor (MGS): Mars probe launched by NASA in 1996
- Mars Observer (MO): failed 1992-1993 Mars orbiter mission
- Mars Polar Lander (MPL): failed 1999 Mars lander mission
- transition edge sensor (TES): sensor using superconductivity's strong temperature sensitivity
TES bolometer:
- transition edge sensor (TES): sensor using superconductivity's strong temperature sensitivity
TES Camera:
- Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment (ASTE): ten meter submillimeter telescope in Chile
TESCAM:
- Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment (ASTE): ten meter submillimeter telescope in Chile
tesla (T): unit of magnetic flux density
- magnetic flux density (B): vector field describing magnetism in relation to the Lorentz force
TESS:
- ExoFOP: site to facilitate exoplanet follow-up observation
- LHS 3844 b: red dwarf with rocky planet in its habitable zone
- TOI 700 d: Earth-sized exoplanet in a habitable zone
- Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS): observatory-satellite searching for transiting exoplanets
TESS Duo:
- Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS): observatory-satellite searching for transiting exoplanets
TESS Follow-up Observing Program:
- Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS): observatory-satellite searching for transiting exoplanets
TESS object of interest:
- Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS): observatory-satellite searching for transiting exoplanets
TESS-bis:
- Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS): observatory-satellite searching for transiting exoplanets
Tethys:
- moon: a planet's natural satellite, such as Earth's
- Saturn: second largest planet in the solar system
tetrahedron:
- areal coordinate system: coordinate system based upon a known triangle
Teutsch:
- rare designator prefixes: designator prefixes generally used for only a few objects
Texas:
- Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET,SST): 10 meter telescope in Texas
Texas Interferometer:
- Texas Survey of Radio Sources at 365 MHz (TXS): 1970s/1970s radio survey made with the Texas Interferometer
Texas Supernova Search:
- supernova survey: survey to identify and/or study supernovae
Texas Survey of Radio Sources at 365 MHz (TXS): 1970s/1970s radio survey made with the Texas Interferometer
texture:
- cosmic string: rent in spacetime
- topological defect: defect in space that could arise in the early universe
TFOP:
- Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS): observatory-satellite searching for transiting exoplanets
TFR:
- Tully-Fisher relation (TFR): relation between spiral galaxy luminosity and line width
TGE:
- gravimetry: measurement of gravity's strength
TGI:
- QUIJOTE: survey to measure the polarization of the CMB
TGO:
- Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO): ESA and Russian Mars orbiter-probe launched in 2016
THA:
- Tucana Horologium association (THA,Tuc-Hor): nearby stellar association
THA star:
- Tucana Horologium association (THA,Tuc-Hor): nearby stellar association
The Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey:
- ALFALFA: HI survey of many galaxies
The Colossus Telescope:
- Colossus Telescope: concept for a 50-meter telescope using interferometry
The H2O Southern Galactic Plane Survey (HOPS): survey of molecular clouds in the galactic plane
The LaSilla-QUEST Variability Survey:
- QUEST: sixteen square-degree survey camera
The Survey for Ionization in Neutral Gas Galaxies (SINGG): survey of H-alpha in galaxies found through the HI line
Theia:
- Moon formation: process by which the Moon and other moons formed
THEMIS: set of satellites studying the Earth's magnetic field
- asteroid family: set of asteroids based on similar orbits
theoretical modified GR metrics: metrics devised to define modifications to GR
theory:
- axion (A⁰): proposed light, electrically neutral elementary particle
- carbon planet: theoretical planet type with more carbon than oxygen
- Chern-Simons gravity: one type of modified general relativity
- common envelope: binary star system surrounded by a single gas cloud
- core accretion model: model for the formation of giant planets
- cosmic string: rent in spacetime
- dark galaxy: gas and dark matter of a galaxy but with no stars
- DGP gravity: alternative theory of gravity addressing "dark energy"
- exotic star: term for theoretical stars not made of atoms/ions
- galaxy formation: modeled as collapsing clouds
- gravitational instability model: model for the formation of giant planets
- graviton: quantum of gravity
- helium planet: gas giant with helium atmosphere
- Hills cloud: cloud of comets and minor planets around the solar system
- hypercompact stellar system (HCSS): SMBH with no galaxy but has a tight stellar cluster
- hyperon: exotic type of baryon
- Johannsen-Psaltis metric (JP metric): metric template allowing metrics to be written as a general expansion
- Kerr-NUT spacetime: Kerr spacetime defined in terms of Taub-NUT spacetime
- liquid planet: planet consisting of liquid
- Mach's principle: the notion that rotation is relative to all the mass of the universe
- Milkomeda: future galaxy resulting from merger of Milky Way and Andromeda
- mixing length theory: tractable simplified model of convection
- modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND): alternative theory of gravity addressing "dark matter"
- neutralino: proposed type of particle that might include wimps
- oligarch: term for large planetesimals that dominate
- Planet Nine: theoretical planet beyond Neptune
- Randall-Sundrum model (RS model): particular 5-dimensional cosmological model
- silicate weathering feedback: feedback mechanism stabilizing carbon in Earth atmosphere
- SMBH formation: process by which SMBHs form
- Soltan argument: distant quasars imply SMBHs still exist
- spinning dust emission: source of microwave signal
- standard model of a flare: description of how solar flares function
- string theory: type of physics theory bringing together current models
- supergravity (SUGRA): combination of general relativity and supersymmetry
- supersymmetry (SUSY): extension to standard model of particle physics
- Taub spacetime: early mathematics for a rotating black hole spacetime
- Taub-NUT spacetime: early mathematics for a rotating black hole spacetime
- theoretical modified GR metrics: metrics devised to define modifications to GR
- Thorne-Żytkow object (TZO,TŻO): giant star with a neutron star at its center
- water-ice planet: planet made entirely of water ice
- wormhole: connection between two regions in a curved space
theory of equilibrium figures:
- theory of figures (TOF): type of model relating a planet's shape to its rotation
Theory of Everything (TOE): single law explaining the four forces of nature
- symmetry breaking: loss of symmetry, such as due to loss of stability in a regime change
theory of figures (TOF): type of model relating a planet's shape to its rotation
theory of figures of planets rotating in hydrostatic equilibrium:
- theory of figures (TOF): type of model relating a planet's shape to its rotation
thermal bremsstrahlung: type of EMR produced by thin, hot plasma
- thermal emission: EMR due to a body's heat
thermal broadening:
- Doppler broadening: broadening of spectral lines due to movement of the source photons
- line shape function: function describing the shape of a spectral line
thermal diffusivity:
- Rayleigh number (Ra): measure reflecting a fluid system's propensity to turbulence
thermal Doppler broadening:
- Doppler broadening: broadening of spectral lines due to movement of the source photons
- line shape function: function describing the shape of a spectral line
thermal dust emission: glow of dust heated by stars or AGNs
thermal emission: EMR due to a body's heat
- black-body radiation: EMR due to the temperature of a body with a characteristic spectrum
- continuum emission: continuous spectrum such as black body radiation or bremsstrahlung
thermal energy:
- kinetic energy (KE): an object's energy due to its motion
thermal escape:
- atmospheric escape: escape of gas particles from a planet's atmosphere
- hydrodynamic escape: escape of gas particles from atmosphere due to heating
- Jeans escape: type of ongoing escape of gas particles from atmosphere
- Jeans parameter (λ): ratio measuring a tendency of an atmosphere to escape
thermal inertia: a measure of a material's ability to absorb heat through conduction
thermal IR:
- infrared (IR): electromagnetic radiation, wavelength 0.74-300 micrometers
thermal KID:
- KID: type of sensitive electronic device to detect light
thermal noise: noise inherent in electronic component warmer than absolute zero
- photon noise: variation in light measurement due to its quantum nature
thermal pulse: pulse in an AGB star due to helium fusion in a shell
- helium flash: helium ignition in a star
- helium runaway: helium fusion positive feedback through its generated heat
thermal pulse AGB:
- asymptotic giant branch (AGB): a second stage of helium burning in some stars
thermal pulse cycle:
- thermal pulse: pulse in an AGB star due to helium fusion in a shell
thermal radiation:
- black-body radiation: EMR due to the temperature of a body with a characteristic spectrum
- emissivity: measure of a material's efficiency at radiating thermal radiation
- thermal emission: EMR due to a body's heat
thermal runaway: situation where heat triggers more heat production
- helium flash: helium ignition in a star
- helium runaway: helium fusion positive feedback through its generated heat
- thermal pulse: pulse in an AGB star due to helium fusion in a shell
thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect:
- Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZ effect,SZ,SZE): type of distortion of the CMB
thermal tide:
- atmospheric tide: tide-type movement in the atmosphere
thermal timescale:
- Kelvin-Helmholtz timescale (KH timescale,KH time,τ_KH): time that would radiate away a body's heat energy given its luminosity
- timescale (t,τ): general length of time something takes
thermal Urca process:
- Urca process: neutrino-emitting process
thermal wind: wind from pressure and the Coriolis force varying with altitude
thermal wind balance:
- thermal wind: wind from pressure and the Coriolis force varying with altitude
thermodynamic equilibrium (TE): state of a system with no net heat flows
thermodynamics: physics of heat and energy
- adiabatic process: process that occurs with no transfer of heat
- black hole thermodynamics: science of black holes
- heating: increasing the velocity of particles
- ideal gas law: relates pressure, temperature, and volume
- local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE): state where temperature variation is too small to matter
- phase transition: transformation from one state of matter to another
- specific heat: ratio of added temperature to added heat for a material
- thermal inertia: a measure of a material's ability to absorb heat through conduction
thermoelectric effect:
- MMRTG: power source for space probes
thermonuclear supernova:
- supernova (SN): stellar explosion larger than a nova
- Type Ia supernova: type of supernova for which distance can be determined
thermosphere:
- atmospheric temperature profile: the atmosphere's temperature by altitude
- ionosphere: layers of Earth atmosphere with significant ions
Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics:
- TIMED: space probe observing Earth upper atmosphere for solar effects
Theta Orionis:
- Trapezium Cluster: open cluster of stars in Orion Nebula
thick disk:
- advection dominated accretion flow (ADAF): accretion without radiating much energy
- disk galaxy: galaxy shaped like a flat circle
- Milky Way: our galaxy
thick disk stars:
- disk galaxy: galaxy shaped like a flat circle
thick shell:
- Europa: well-known Jupiter moon
thin disk:
- alpha disk: well-known model of an accretion disk
- disk galaxy: galaxy shaped like a flat circle
- Milky Way: our galaxy
thin disk accretion:
- alpha disk: well-known model of an accretion disk
thin disk stars:
- disk galaxy: galaxy shaped like a flat circle
thin shell:
- Europa: well-known Jupiter moon
Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources (3C): 1959 catalog of northern hemisphere 159MHz sources
Third Catalogue of Nearby Stars:
- Gliese-Jahreiss Catalog (GJ): 1991 catalog of stars within 25 parsecs
third dredge-up:
- dredge-up: stellar convection bringing up fused material
Third Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies:
- Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies (RC,RC1): series of catalogs of nearby galaxies
third-order coma:
- Ritchey-Chrétien telescope (RCT,RC): type of two-mirror reflector telescope
third-order TOF:
- theory of figures (TOF): type of model relating a planet's shape to its rotation
Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT): extremely large telescope planned for Hawaii
Thomson optical depth (τ_T,τ): a measure of effects of Thomson scattering
Thomson scattering: elastic scattering of photons by a charged particle
- electron scattering: any process that changes the course of an electron
- Klein-Nishina formula: formula for the effects of electrons scattering photons
Thomson scattering optical depth:
- Thomson optical depth (τ_T,τ): a measure of effects of Thomson scattering
Thomson thick:
- Thomson optical depth (τ_T,τ): a measure of effects of Thomson scattering
Thor-Delta 1A:
- TD-1A: 1970s European observatory-satellite with UV telescopes
thorium:
- Earth: third solar system planet from the Sun
- potassium/thorium ratio (K/Th ratio): indication of thermal history
Thorne-Żytkow object (TZO,TŻO): giant star with a neutron star at its center
three dimensional model: computer simulation handling variation in all three dimensions
- subgrid-scale physics: shortcuts handling physics on a smaller scale than a simulation's grid
three-body capture:
- tidal capture: bodies entering orbit through dissipation of energy by tides
three-body problem:
- N-body problem: calculating the paths of gravitationally-interacting celestial objects
three-mirror anastigmat: general type of reflector telescope
Tianwen-1 (TW-1): Mars rover/orbiter mission currently orbiting Mars
Tibet:
- ARGO-YBJ Experiment: cosmic-ray/gamma-ray detector in Tibet
TIC:
- Hipparcos: ESA astrometry space observatory circa 1990
- Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS): observatory-satellite searching for transiting exoplanets
tidal:
- galactic tide: effect of one galaxy's gravity, such as on another galaxy
- Love number: measures of rigidity of a body
- Roche limit: nearest a body can orbit another and survive
- tidal arm: arm of gas and potentially stars leading from a galaxy
- tidal disruption event (TDE,TDF): star pulled apart by black hole tidal forces
- tidal force: effect of a third body on the gravitational force between two bodies
- tidal heating: heating due to friction from motions caused by tidal force
- tidal locking: locked rotation of an orbiting body
- tidal migration: interaction between tide and orbiting body that changes the orbit
- tidal Q: measure of orbital energy dissipated per orbit due to tidal forces
- tidal tail: string of mass ejected by a tidal forces in a neutron star merger
tidal acceleration:
- tidal force: effect of a third body on the gravitational force between two bodies
- tidal migration: interaction between tide and orbiting body that changes the orbit
tidal arm: arm of gas and potentially stars leading from a galaxy
- stellar stream: long group of co-moving stars
tidal braking:
- tidal force: effect of a third body on the gravitational force between two bodies
tidal capture: bodies entering orbit through dissipation of energy by tides
tidal deceleration:
- tidal force: effect of a third body on the gravitational force between two bodies
tidal deformability:
- neutron star merger: two neutron stars meeting and forming one
tidal deformability parameter:
- neutron star merger: two neutron stars meeting and forming one
tidal disruption event (TDE,TDF): star pulled apart by black hole tidal forces
tidal disruption flare:
- tidal disruption event (TDE,TDF): star pulled apart by black hole tidal forces
tidal equilibrium:
- tidal force: effect of a third body on the gravitational force between two bodies
tidal flexing:
- tidal heating: heating due to friction from motions caused by tidal force
tidal force: effect of a third body on the gravitational force between two bodies
tidal heating: heating due to friction from motions caused by tidal force
- inflated radii: exceptionally large radii of some hot Jupiters
tidal locking: locked rotation of an orbiting body
tidal migration: interaction between tide and orbiting body that changes the orbit
tidal parameter:
- neutron star merger: two neutron stars meeting and forming one
tidal period:
- tidal Q: measure of orbital energy dissipated per orbit due to tidal forces
tidal potential:
- tide: effect of Moon's gravity on Earth's seas, etc.
tidal Q: measure of orbital energy dissipated per orbit due to tidal forces
tidal Q factor:
- Q factor: measure of oscillator's damping
- tidal Q: measure of orbital energy dissipated per orbit due to tidal forces
tidal quality factor:
- Q factor: measure of oscillator's damping
- tidal Q: measure of orbital energy dissipated per orbit due to tidal forces
tidal radius:
- Hill radius: radius of gravitational influence of a body
tidal stream:
- stellar stream: long group of co-moving stars
- tidal arm: arm of gas and potentially stars leading from a galaxy
tidal stripping:
- tidal arm: arm of gas and potentially stars leading from a galaxy
tidal tail: string of mass ejected by a tidal forces in a neutron star merger
- tidal arm: arm of gas and potentially stars leading from a galaxy
tidal theory:
- nebular hypothesis: model positing solar system planets result from a solar disk
tidal working:
- tidal heating: heating due to friction from motions caused by tidal force
tidal-capture binary:
- binary star: system of two stars co-orbiting
- tidal capture: bodies entering orbit through dissipation of energy by tides
tidal-tail galaxy:
- tidal arm: arm of gas and potentially stars leading from a galaxy
tidally excited oscillation:
- tidal migration: interaction between tide and orbiting body that changes the orbit
tide: effect of Moon's gravity on Earth's seas, etc.
- atmospheric tide: tide-type movement in the atmosphere
TIDI:
- TIMED: space probe observing Earth upper atmosphere for solar effects
tiger stripes:
- Enceladus: Saturn moon considered possible carrier of life
Tillinghast:
- Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory (FLWO): observatory near Amado, Arizona
Tillinghast Telescope:
- CfA Redshift Survey: 1970s-1990s surveys of galaxy redshifts
Tillotson EoS:
- Tillotson equation: equation of state for high speed impacts
Tillotson equation: equation of state for high speed impacts
Tillotson equation of state:
- Tillotson equation: equation of state for high speed impacts
tilt:
- obliquity: angle between an object's rotational and orbital axes
tilt erosion:
- obliquity: angle between an object's rotational and orbital axes
TIME:
- cosmic time: time since the Big Bang
- epoch: when an object was at a particular set of celestial coordinates
- epoch B1950.0: midnight 1/1/1950 GMT as used as a time reference
- epoch J2000.0: noon 1/1/2000 GMT as used as a time reference
- equinox: times when tilt of Earth is neither toward or away from the Sun
- gigayear (Gy,Gyr): a billion years
- Hubble time (t_H): approximation of the age of the universe
- Julian calendar: calendar of 365 days and a leap day once every four years
- Julian date (JD): time in days since noon UT November 24 4714 BC Gregorian
- sidereal: relative to the fixed position of the stars
- solar day: length of a solar system planet or Moon's day
- solar time: time based upon the position of the Sun in the Earth's sky
- terrestrial time (TT): current measure of time for astronomical observations on Earth
- time standard: method of designating points in time and quantifying time periods
- timescale (t,τ): general length of time something takes
- Tomographic Ionized-carbon Mapping Experiment (TIME): proposed instrument to map the [CII] line
time dilation: relativity's ability to make time differ for different objects
- cosmological time dilation: very distant events appear to take longer
Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms:
- THEMIS: set of satellites studying the Earth's magnetic field
time scale:
- time standard: method of designating points in time and quantifying time periods
- timescale (t,τ): general length of time something takes
time series:
- lightkurve: software to analyze time series data
time series analysis: analysis of data points collected at uniformly-separated times
- data folding: locating periods in data by trial
- fast folding algorithm (FFA): algorithm to find the periods of periodic data
- phase dispersion minimization (PDM): particular method of finding periodic components in signal
time series data:
- fast folding algorithm (FFA): algorithm to find the periods of periodic data
time standard: method of designating points in time and quantifying time periods
time system:
- time standard: method of designating points in time and quantifying time periods
time-like:
- geodesic: equivalent to a straight line in curved space
- spacetime diagram: graph of simplified spacetime, with fewer space dimensions
time-of-flight spectrometer:
- particle spectrometer: device to determine the characteristics of incoming particles
time-ordered data (TOD): observation data arranged by the time it was received
TIME-pilot:
- Tomographic Ionized-carbon Mapping Experiment (TIME): proposed instrument to map the [CII] line
TIMED: space probe observing Earth upper atmosphere for solar effects
timescale (t,τ): general length of time something takes
- free-fall time: time it would take a body to collapse if unopposed
- Kelvin-Helmholtz timescale (KH timescale,KH time,τ_KH): time that would radiate away a body's heat energy given its luminosity
- Lyapunov time: timescale over which a dynamical system is chaotic
- Salpeter timescale: timescale for black hole growth
timing:
- European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA): European collaboration of radio telescopes
- GUPPI: radio-telescope back-end aimed at processing pulsar data
- International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA): organization of pulsar timing arrays
- NANOGrav: effort to detect gravitational waves through pulsar timing
- Parkes Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA): group of pulsars timed by Parkes Observatory
- pulsar timing array (PTA): cooperating set of pulsar timing observatories
- PUPPI: Arecibo radio-telescope instrument aimed at observing pulsars
timing noise:
- pulsar timing array (PTA): cooperating set of pulsar timing observatories
TIMMI-2:
- ESO 3.6m Telescope: reflector telescope at La Silla
TiNy Titans (TNT): study of dwarf galaxy pairs
tip of the red-giant branch (TRGB): using a galaxy's maximum RGB brightness as a standard candle
tired light: theory that light becomes red for reasons other than Doppler shift
Titan: well-known Saturn moon
- Cassini: explorer spacecraft sent to Saturn
- Dragonfly: plan for Titan flying rover
- moon: a planet's natural satellite, such as Earth's
- Saturn: second largest planet in the solar system
Titan Atmospheric Model:
- TAM: non-gray-RT 3D model of Titan's atmosphere
Titania:
- moon: a planet's natural satellite, such as Earth's
- Uranus: second outer-most solar system planet
Titius-Bode law: relationship between the distances between solar system planets
Titius-Bode rule:
- Titius-Bode law: relationship between the distances between solar system planets
titrant:
- titration: analyzing a chemical solution by color change
titration: analyzing a chemical solution by color change
titrimetry:
- titration: analyzing a chemical solution by color change
tKID:
- KID: type of sensitive electronic device to detect light
TLF:
- tremendously low frequency (TLF): electromagnetic radiation, frequency below 3 Hz
TMC:
- Taurus Molecular Cloud 1 (TMC-1,TMC): nearby star-forming region
TMC-1:
- Taurus Molecular Cloud 1 (TMC-1,TMC): nearby star-forming region
TMC-2:
- Taurus Molecular Cloud 1 (TMC-1,TMC): nearby star-forming region
- Taurus-Auriga Complex (Tau-Aur Complex): nearby star-forming region
TMSS:
- Two Micron Sky Survey (IRC,TMSS): 1969 infrared catalog produced by Caltech
TMT:
- extremely large telescope (ELT): optical telescope with a 20+ meter aperture
- Mauna Kea: Hawaiian mountain, the site of observatories
- Mauna Kea Observatories (MKO): observatories on Mauna Kea in Hawaii
- Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT): extremely large telescope planned for Hawaii
TN:
- pulsar timing array (PTA): cooperating set of pulsar timing observatories
- USS Sources: catalog of sources with steep spectral index
TNG:
- Roque de los Muchachos Observatory (ORM,LPO,NHO): observatory at La Palma in the Canary Islands
- Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG): 3.58 m telescope in Canary Islands
TNO:
- Haumea: dwarf planet discovered in 2004
- Pluto: dwarf planet formerly listed as one of the nine planets
- Sedna: distant solar system planetoid discovered in 2003
- trans-Neptunian object (TNO): minor planet beyond Neptune
TNS:
- Transient Name Server (TNS): online catalog of transients
TNT:
- TiNy Titans (TNT): study of dwarf galaxy pairs
TO:
- turn-off point (TO): point in H-R diagram of a cluster where stars turn red
TOD:
- time-ordered data (TOD): observation data arranged by the time it was received
TOE:
- symmetry breaking: loss of symmetry, such as due to loss of stability in a regime change
- Theory of Everything (TOE): single law explaining the four forces of nature
TOF:
- theory of figures (TOF): type of model relating a planet's shape to its rotation
TOI:
- ExoFOP: site to facilitate exoplanet follow-up observation
- Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS): observatory-satellite searching for transiting exoplanets
TOI 700:
- TOI 700 d: Earth-sized exoplanet in a habitable zone
TOI 700 d: Earth-sized exoplanet in a habitable zone
Tokyo Atacama Observatory:
- University of Tokyo Atacama Observatory (TAO): observatory for a 6.5 m infrared telescope under construction
Tokyo Photoelectric Meridian Circle: Japanese telescope to determine the position of stars and planets
Tokyo Photoelectric Meridian Circle Catalog:
- Tokyo Photoelectric Meridian Circle: Japanese telescope to determine the position of stars and planets
Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation:
- Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit (TOV,LOV): maximum mass of a neutron star
Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit (TOV,LOV): maximum mass of a neutron star
TolTEC: sensitive infrared camera under construction for the LMT
- Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT): large microwave telescope in Mexico
TolTEC C2C:
- TolTEC: sensitive infrared camera under construction for the LMT
TolTEC FiF:
- TolTEC: sensitive infrared camera under construction for the LMT
TolTEC LSS:
- TolTEC: sensitive infrared camera under construction for the LMT
TolTEC UD:
- TolTEC: sensitive infrared camera under construction for the LMT
Tombaugh:
- rare designator prefixes: designator prefixes generally used for only a few objects
Tomographic Ionized-carbon Mapping Experiment (TIME): proposed instrument to map the [CII] line
tomographic magnetic imaging:
- Zeeman-Doppler imaging (ZDI): technique for imaging stellar magnetic fields
tomography: observation of sections of a 3D object
- Zeeman-Doppler imaging (ZDI): technique for imaging stellar magnetic fields
Ton:
- Tonantzintla Surveys (Ton): surveys providing early images of quasars and Seyfert galaxies
Tonantzintla Observatory:
- Tonantzintla Surveys (Ton): surveys providing early images of quasars and Seyfert galaxies
Tonantzintla Surveys (Ton): surveys providing early images of quasars and Seyfert galaxies
too-big-to-fail problem:
- dwarf galaxy problem: theories have more dwarf galaxies than are observed
Toomre Q parameter (Q): stability criterion for differentially rotating disks
Toomre sequence: model relating galaxy mergers to observation
Toomre's stability criteria:
- Toomre Q parameter (Q): stability criterion for differentially rotating disks
top down model:
- galaxy formation: modeled as collapsing clouds
top quark:
- particle: very small thing
- quark: type of elementary particle incorporated in protons and neutrons
- standard model: model of elementary particles including quarks
TopHat: 2001 balloon -based CMB survey
topological defect: defect in space that could arise in the early universe
toroidal:
- torus coordinates: coordinates for toruses
torr: unit of pressure approximating a millimeter of mercury on Earth
tortuosity: describes something curved with many twists and turns
torus:
- torus coordinates: coordinates for toruses
torus coordinates: coordinates for toruses
total derivative:
- partial differential equation (PDE): equation constructed as if the variables differentiated are independent
total differential equation:
- partial differential equation (PDE): equation constructed as if the variables differentiated are independent
total duration:
- transiting planet: planet crossing between another body and the observer
total energy:
- relativistic energy: energy of an object including relativistic effects
total mass:
- binary star: system of two stars co-orbiting
total relativistic energy:
- relativistic energy: energy of an object including relativistic effects
TOURNESOL:
- GRANAT: observatory-satellite for detecting gamma rays and X-rays
TOV:
- Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit (TOV,LOV): maximum mass of a neutron star
TOV equation:
- Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit (TOV,LOV): maximum mass of a neutron star
TP-AGB:
- asymptotic giant branch (AGB): a second stage of helium burning in some stars
- thermal pulse: pulse in an AGB star due to helium fusion in a shell
TPC:
- thermal pulse: pulse in an AGB star due to helium fusion in a shell
TPF:
- Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF): plan for space telescopes to find smaller exoplanets
TR:
- OGLE: survey searching for microlensing transients
TRACE: former solar observing satellite
Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO): ESA and Russian Mars orbiter-probe launched in 2016
tracer: chemical whose presence indicates the presence of another chemical
trade winds:
- Hadley cell: circulation pattern of up at the equator, poleward, down, and back
- intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ): circulation pattern near equator where north and south Hadley cells meet
- zonal flow: east-west air circulation
training:
- convolutional neural network (CNN): type of image processing software
Trans-Atlantic Exoplanet Survey (TrES): 2000s exoplanet-search survey using three telescopes
trans-iron element: elements with atomic number greater than that of iron
trans-Neptune binary:
- trans-Neptunian object (TNO): minor planet beyond Neptune
trans-Neptune object:
- trans-Neptunian object (TNO): minor planet beyond Neptune
trans-Neptunian object (TNO): minor planet beyond Neptune
transfer equation:
- equation of radiative transfer (RTE): equation describing energy transfer by EMR
transformation group:
- Lie transform: type of infinitesimal transform
transient: observed change in the sky
- FRB121102: first repeating FRB discovered
- GW170817: 2017 gravitational wave detection from a neutron star merger
- Kepler's Supernova: Type IA supernova observed in 1604 by Johannes Kepler
- Oh-My-God Particle: extremely energetic particle from space detected in 1991
- SN 1572: Type IA supernova noted in 1572 by Tycho Brahe
- SN 185: supernova recorded in China in AD 185
- SN 1987A (1987A): supernova in February 1987 rare for being visible by the naked eye
- SN 2014J: type Ia supernova in Messier 82, the Cigar Galaxy
transient astronomical event:
- transient: observed change in the sky
- transient astronomy: study of short-term astronomical phenomena
transient astronomy: study of short-term astronomical phenomena
- transient: observed change in the sky
Transient Name Server (TNS): online catalog of transients
transient type:
- black hole merger: two black holes meeting and forming one
- calcium-rich gap transient: type of explosive event larger than a nova and smaller than a supernova
- cataclysmic variable star (CV): star whose magnitude is much brighter on occasion
- Cepheid variable (CEP): type of star that varies with a constant period
- core collapse supernova (CCSN): supernova resulting from the collapse of the core of a star
- double transit: star showing transits of two bodies
- dwarf nova (DN): flash of a cataclysmic variable star
- fast radio burst (FRB,FRT): astronomical high energy radio pulses of a few milliseconds
- gamma-ray burst (GRB): short flashes of gamma rays apparently from outside our galaxy
- gravitational microlensing: gravitational lensing by "small" objects such as individual stars and planets
- GW detection (GW): observed gravitational wave signal recognizable as an astronomical event
- kilonova (KN): explosive event larger than a nova and smaller than a supernova
- light echo: reflected light from an astronomical event arriving later
- luminous red nova (LRN): red-colored event theorized to be a merger of two stars
- near-Earth supernova: supernova near enough to Earth to affect it
- neutron star merger: two neutron stars meeting and forming one
- nova (N): white dwarf explosion
- occultation: one celestial body hiding another from an observer
- pulsating star: variable star that varies through energy pulses
- radio supernova (RSN): supernova that includes a detectable radio emission
- RR Lyrae variable (RRL,RR): star with periodic variation often in globular clusters
- secondary eclipse: eclipse of a body that also transits
- superluminous supernova (SLSN): stellar explosion larger than a supernova
- supernova (SN): stellar explosion larger than a nova
- supernova impostor: extreme stellar explosion that does not destroy the star
- tidal disruption event (TDE,TDF): star pulled apart by black hole tidal forces
- transit: a celestial body passing between another and an observer
- transiting planet: planet crossing between another body and the observer
- Type Ia supernova: type of supernova for which distance can be determined
- variable star: star that varies in magnitude
transients:
- All Sky Automated Survey (ASAS): Polish survey of 20,000 objects brighter than 14 magnitude
- All Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN,ASASSN): survey of both hemispheres for supernovae
- Calán/Tololo Survey: late 1980s to early 1990s search to redshift 0.1
- CFHTLS: surveys of transients and stars
- Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO,GRO): 1990s space observatory for gamma ray observation
- Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS): early universe survey by HST
- drift scan: method of observing substantial sky with CCDs
- DSA-2000: array plan to detect radio transients
- electronic very-long-baseline interferometry (e-VLBI): real-time VLBI using electronic links
- EROS: search for MACHOs
- GMAN: collaboration to alert on microlensing transients
- guest star: translation of ancient Chinese term for a visible transient
- HATNet: distributed array of telescopes to search for transients
- High Energy Transient Explorer (HETE): 2000s space multi-band GRB observatory
- K2: second Kepler mission that worked around failed equipment
- KELT: pair of telescopes searching for transients
- Kepler Telescope: space telescope that watched stars for exoplanets
- Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS): search for supernovae for cosmological study
- light curve: changing intensity of light from a transient
- lightkurve: software to analyze time series data
- Livermore Optical Transient Imaging System (LOTIS): automated telescope aiming to catch GRB optical counterparts
- MACHO Project: survey searching out microlensing that could indicate a MACHO
- MASCARA: distributed array of telescopes to search for exoplanets
- MAXI: Japanese X-ray camera on the International Space Station
- MicroFUN (μFUN): observers following up on microlensing events in the galactic bulge
- MIT X-ray Burst Source Catalog (MXB): 1970s catalog of X-ray bursters
- MOA: search for microlensing events
- MOSFiT: code to match light-curves with light-curve models
- Nearby Supernova Factory (NSNF,SNfactory): survey that scanned transient data for supernovae
- NGTS: survey of transits from Chile
- OGLE: survey searching for microlensing transients
- Palomar Transient Factory (PTF): survey designed to find transients
- Pan-STARRS: set of survey telescopes
- PESSTO: survey for transients carried out on the NTT
- Pi of the Sky: survey aimed at finding gamma-ray-burst visual counterparts
- PLATO: planned observatory-satellite aimed at finding exoplanets
- POINT-AGAPE: survey of M31 for microlensing
- Probing Lensing Anomalies Network (PLANET): survey that recorded microlensing event lightcurves
- Qatar Exoplanet Survey (QES): photometric survey in search of transients
- QUEST: sixteen square-degree survey camera
- RAPTOR: automated array of telescopes to uncover and track transients
- Roman Space Telescope (RST,WFIRST): proposed near-infrared space observatory
- rotating radio transient (RRAT): radio bursts repeating sporadically
- ROTSE: automated array of telescopes to uncover and track transients
- Rubin Observatory (VRO,LSST): 8-meter survey reflector telescope under construction in Chile
- SPIRITS: Spitzer survey designed to find transients
- STARE: array of radio telescopes monitoring radio transients
- STEREO: two-satellite system to observe the Sun
- supernova light curve (SN light curve): changing intensity of light following a supernova
- TAROT: network of telescopes to catch GRB optical counterparts
- Trans-Atlantic Exoplanet Survey (TrES): 2000s exoplanet-search survey using three telescopes
- transient astronomy: study of short-term astronomical phenomena
- Transient Name Server (TNS): online catalog of transients
- Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS): observatory-satellite searching for transiting exoplanets
- ULTRASAT: plan for a satellite to detect UV transients
- X-ray burster (XRB): neutron star binary producing nova-like bursts
- XO Project: initiative to search for transiting planets
transit: a celestial body passing between another and an observer
- meridian circle: instrument for timing the passage of stars over a meridian
- occultation: one celestial body hiding another from an observer
- transit telescope: telescope able to shift aim up/down but not horizontally
transit circle:
- meridian circle: instrument for timing the passage of stars over a meridian
transit depth:
- transiting planet: planet crossing between another body and the observer
transit duration:
- transiting planet: planet crossing between another body and the observer
transit duration variations:
- exosatellite: natural satellite not in the solar system
- transit timing variations (TTV): variations in the timing of the transits of exoplanets and binaries
transit mapping:
- eclipse mapping: using eclipse light curves to map surface features
transit method: method of detecting exoplanets and binary companions
- extra-solar planet: planet not in the solar system
- GJ 1132 b: Earth-like extrasolar planet discovered in 2015
- GJ 1214 b: super-Earth extrasolar planet discovered in 2009
- HD 189733 b: hot Jupiter orbiting an orange dwarf
- Kepler-1625b: giant exoplanet in a star's habitable zone
- Kepler-16b: exoplanet orbiting a binary star
- Kepler-186f: Earth-like exoplanet in a star's habitable zone
- Kepler-452b: Earth-like exoplanet discovered in 2015
- LHS 3844 b: red dwarf with rocky planet in its habitable zone
- TOI 700 d: Earth-sized exoplanet in a habitable zone
- transit: a celestial body passing between another and an observer
- transiting planet: planet crossing between another body and the observer
- WASP-33b: hot Jupiter discovered in 2010
- WASP-67b: hot Jupiter discovered in 2011
transit radio telescope:
- transit telescope: telescope able to shift aim up/down but not horizontally
transit spectrography:
- transit spectroscopy: spectroscopy through an exoplanet's transit
transit spectrometer:
- transit spectroscopy: spectroscopy through an exoplanet's transit
transit spectroscopy: spectroscopy through an exoplanet's transit
- differential spectroscopy: analysis of the comparison of two spectrographs
transit telescope: telescope able to shift aim up/down but not horizontally
- meridian circle: instrument for timing the passage of stars over a meridian
transit timing variations (TTV): variations in the timing of the transits of exoplanets and binaries
transiting exoplanet:
- transiting planet: planet crossing between another body and the observer
Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS): observatory-satellite searching for transiting exoplanets
transiting planet: planet crossing between another body and the observer
Transiting Planets and Planetesimals Small Telescope:
- TRAPPIST: ground-based automatic transiting planet finding telescope
transition disk:
- transitional disk: disk with inner part cleared
transition edge sensor (TES): sensor using superconductivity's strong temperature sensitivity
transition edge sensor bolometer:
- transition edge sensor (TES): sensor using superconductivity's strong temperature sensitivity
transition region: middle layer of the Sun's atmosphere
- chromosphere: middle layer of the Sun's atmosphere
- stellar atmosphere: photosphere and above
Transition Region and Coronal Explorer:
- TRACE: former solar observing satellite
transitional disk: disk with inner part cleared
transitional planet:
- mini-Neptune: planet with characteristics a bit like Earth but more like Neptune
- super-Earth: exoplanet more massive than Earth but substantially less than Neptune
transits:
- 55 Cancri e (55 Cnc e): superearth orbiting a Sun-like star
- CHEOPS: space telescope in development to measure radii of exoplanets
- COROT: observatory-satellite to look for transiting exoplanets and stellar oscillations
- eclipse mapping: using eclipse light curves to map surface features
- exoplanet eclipse light curve: graph of light as an exoplanet transits in front of its star
- HATNet: distributed array of telescopes to search for transients
- HD 209458 b: hot Jupiter discovered in 1999
- HD 80606 b: hot Jupiter discovered in 2001
- K2: second Kepler mission that worked around failed equipment
- KELT: pair of telescopes searching for transients
- Kepler Telescope: space telescope that watched stars for exoplanets
- Lupus Transit Survey: survey for hot Jupiters in a region of constellation Lupus
- MASCARA: distributed array of telescopes to search for exoplanets
- MEarth Project (MEarth): automated observatories monitoring nearby red dwarfs for transits
- NGTS: survey of transits from Chile
- PLATO: planned observatory-satellite aimed at finding exoplanets
- Pre-OmegaTranS (POTS): transit search using MPG/ESO Telescope
- Qatar Exoplanet Survey (QES): photometric survey in search of transients
- Rossiter-McLaughlin effect (RM effect,RM): effect of transit on visible spectrum of the star
- Sagittarius Window Eclipsing Extrasolar Planet Search (SWEEPS): transit search using HST time
- SPECULOOS: search for Earth-like exoplanets orbiting nearby dim stars
- Trans-Atlantic Exoplanet Survey (TrES): 2000s exoplanet-search survey using three telescopes
- transit method: method of detecting exoplanets and binary companions
- transit timing variations (TTV): variations in the timing of the transits of exoplanets and binaries
- Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS): observatory-satellite searching for transiting exoplanets
- transiting planet: planet crossing between another body and the observer
- WFCAM Transit Survey (WTS): 2000s survey for exoplanet transits using UKIRT
- XO Project: initiative to search for transiting planets
transmission spectrography:
- transmission spectroscopy: spectrum of radiation passing through a substance
transmission spectroscopy: spectrum of radiation passing through a substance
transport-limited:
- weathering: changes in surface due to contact with atmosphere
transverse velocity:
- radial velocity (RV): component of velocity toward or away from observer
Trapezium Cluster: open cluster of stars in Orion Nebula
TRAPPIST: ground-based automatic transiting planet finding telescope
TRAPPIST telescope:
- La Silla Observatory (LSO): Atacama-desert observatory run by ESO
TRAPPIST-1: red dwarf with exoplanet near the habitable zone
TRAPPIST-North:
- TRAPPIST: ground-based automatic transiting planet finding telescope
TRAPPIST-South:
- TRAPPIST: ground-based automatic transiting planet finding telescope
Traverse Gravimeter Experiment:
- gravimetry: measurement of gravity's strength
TRC:
- Hipparcos: ESA astrometry space observatory circa 1990
Treasury Program:
- legacy survey: phrase sometimes used in survey names
treasury survey:
- legacy survey: phrase sometimes used in survey names
tree:
- dendrogram: diagram of a "tree", i.e., of a graph without cycles
tremendously low frequency (TLF): electromagnetic radiation, frequency below 3 Hz
TrES:
- Trans-Atlantic Exoplanet Survey (TrES): 2000s exoplanet-search survey using three telescopes
TRGB:
- tip of the red-giant branch (TRGB): using a galaxy's maximum RGB brightness as a standard candle
Tri II:
- Triangulum II (Tri II): dwarf galaxy in the Local Group
Triana:
- DISCOVR: space weather satellite
Triangulum:
- Triangulum Galaxy (M33): small spiral galaxy in the Local Group
Triangulum Galaxy (M33): small spiral galaxy in the Local Group
Triangulum II (Tri II): dwarf galaxy in the Local Group
- Milky Way subgroup: the Milky Way and its satellites
Triangulum subgroup:
- galaxy subgroup: group of fifty or fewer gravitationally bound Milky-Way-sized galaxies
triaxial galaxy:
- galaxy: gravitationally-bound group of stars
trigonometric parallax:
- parallax: angle due to different lines of sight
triple alpha process: fusion reaction chain turning helium-4 into carbon
- asymptotic giant branch (AGB): a second stage of helium burning in some stars
triple bond:
- hydrocarbon (HC): any compound of just carbon and hydrogen
triple point:
- Mars: well-explored planet in the solar system
- supercritical fluid (SCF): state of matter at sufficient pressure and temperature
triple prism spectrograph:
- spectroscopy: measurement of light with various electromagnetic wavelengths
triple star:
- star system: a gravitationally bound set of a few stars
triple system:
- black hole merger: two black holes meeting and forming one
TripleSpec (TSpec): near-infrared spectrograph on the Hale Telescope
- Hale Telescope: 5.1 m reflector telescope in California
Triplespec 4.1:
- SOAR: 4.1 m reflector telescope in Chile
- TripleSpec (TSpec): near-infrared spectrograph on the Hale Telescope
- Víctor M. Blanco Telescope: 4 m reflector telescope in Chile
Triton: Neptune's one significant moon
- irregular moon: moon with an atypical orbit, such as retrograde
- moon: a planet's natural satellite, such as Earth's
- Moon formation: process by which the Moon and other moons formed
- Neptune: outer-most solar system planet
Trojan:
- asteroid belt: ring of orbiting planetoids/asteroids
Trojan asteroid:
- asteroid belt: ring of orbiting planetoids/asteroids
- Lagrangian point: points around two orbiting bodies where small objects can sit
Trojan planet:
- Lagrangian point: points around two orbiting bodies where small objects can sit
Trojan point:
- Lagrangian point: points around two orbiting bodies where small objects can sit
Tropic of Cancer:
- circle of latitude: circle around the Earth of points equidistant from a pole or the equator
Tropic of Capricorn:
- circle of latitude: circle around the Earth of points equidistant from a pole or the equator
tropical year:
- Julian calendar: calendar of 365 days and a leap day once every four years
- sidereal: relative to the fixed position of the stars
tropopause:
- atmospheric temperature profile: the atmosphere's temperature by altitude
troposphere:
- atmospheric temperature profile: the atmosphere's temperature by altitude
true anomaly:
- mean anomaly: angle describing an object's position within an elliptical orbit
- orbital element: parameters describing an orbit
true vacuum:
- false vacuum: apparent QM vacuum
Trumpler:
- rare designator prefixes: designator prefixes generally used for only a few objects
TS:
- rare designator prefixes: designator prefixes generally used for only a few objects
Tsol:
- Titan: well-known Saturn moon
TSpec:
- TripleSpec (TSpec): near-infrared spectrograph on the Hale Telescope
tsunami:
- mass extinction: event in which many species went extinct
tSZ:
- Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZ effect,SZ,SZE): type of distortion of the CMB
tSZE:
- Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZ effect,SZ,SZE): type of distortion of the CMB
TT:
- CMB polarization: effects of scattering and lensing on the CMB
- terrestrial time (TT): current measure of time for astronomical observations on Earth
- time standard: method of designating points in time and quantifying time periods
TTS:
- DQ Tau: young binary star system
- GG Tau: much-studied quadruple star system
- Herbig AeBe star (HAeBe): type of pre-main-sequence star more massive than a T-Tauri star
- HL Tau: much-studied T-Tauri star
- PDS 70: T-Tauri star with protoplanetary disk and protoplanet
- pre-main-sequence star (PMS,pre-MS): star not yet with a nuclear reaction
- RXJ1615: protostar with transition disk showing rings
- T association: stellar association with T-Tauri stars
- T-Tauri star (TTS): type of variable pre-main-sequence star
- TW Hydrae (TW Hya): nearest T-Tauri star
TTV:
- transit timing variations (TTV): variations in the timing of the transits of exoplanets and binaries
Tubingen Ultraviolet Echelle Spectrometer (TUES): 1990s UV spectrometer used on two Space Shuttle missions
Tuc-Hor:
- Tucana Horologium association (THA,Tuc-Hor): nearby stellar association
Tucana Horologium association (THA,Tuc-Hor): nearby stellar association
TUES:
- Tubingen Ultraviolet Echelle Spectrometer (TUES): 1990s UV spectrometer used on two Space Shuttle missions
Tully-Fisher relation (TFR): relation between spiral galaxy luminosity and line width
tuning fork:
- galaxy classification: morphological classification of galaxies
Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic ray physics and Gamma Astronomy:
- Tunka experiment: Russian Cherenkov detector aimed at cosmic rays and gamma rays
Tunka experiment: Russian Cherenkov detector aimed at cosmic rays and gamma rays
tunnel diode:
- quantum tunneling: quantum mechanical effect of particles passing through a barrier
tunneling:
- quantum tunneling: quantum mechanical effect of particles passing through a barrier
turbulence: irregular flow of a fluid
- Kolmogorov spectrum: energy spectrum of the eddies of different sizes in a turbulent fluid
- Mach number: ratio of a flow with the speed of sound
- molecular cloud turbulence: observed turbulence in molecular clouds
- Rayleigh number (Ra): measure reflecting a fluid system's propensity to turbulence
- Reynolds number (Re): measure reflecting a fluid system's propensity to turbulence
- seeing: apparent blurring and twinkling of objects seen through atmosphere
- turbulent pressure: pressure component due to the presence of turbulence
turbulence pressure:
- turbulent pressure: pressure component due to the presence of turbulence
turbulent flow:
- turbulence: irregular flow of a fluid
turbulent pressure: pressure component due to the presence of turbulence
turn-off:
- turn-off point (TO): point in H-R diagram of a cluster where stars turn red
turn-off point (TO): point in H-R diagram of a cluster where stars turn red
Turtlebeach: radiative transfer code
TVLM:
- rare designator prefixes: designator prefixes generally used for only a few objects
TW Hya:
- TW Hydrae (TW Hya): nearest T-Tauri star
TW Hydrae (TW Hya): nearest T-Tauri star
- TW Hydrae association (TWA): nearby stellar association
TW Hydrae association (TWA): nearby stellar association
TW-1:
- Tianwen-1 (TW-1): Mars rover/orbiter mission currently orbiting Mars
TWA:
- TW Hydrae association (TWA): nearby stellar association
TWA star:
- TW Hydrae association (TWA): nearby stellar association
twinkle:
- point source: celestial object that focuses to a point or single Airy disk
twinkling: blinking, apparent movement and color changes of observed stars
- scintillometry: measuring of twinkling
two dimensional model:
- subgrid-scale physics: shortcuts handling physics on a smaller scale than a simulation's grid
- three dimensional model: computer simulation handling variation in all three dimensions
Two Micron All-sky Survey (2MASS): near-infrared survey of both hemispheres
- JHK photometric system (JHK): system to classify stars according to near-infrared colors
Two Micron Sky Survey (IRC,TMSS): 1969 infrared catalog produced by Caltech
two-body problem:
- N-body problem: calculating the paths of gravitationally-interacting celestial objects
two-photon emission:
- continuum emission: continuous spectrum such as black body radiation or bremsstrahlung
two-stream approximation: approximation of a star's internal EMR's divergence from isotropic
- Eddington approximation: approximation of a star's internal EMR's divergence from isotropic
- Schuster-Schwarzschild model: simplified model of a star's production of absorption lines
twotino:
- plutoid: Pluto-like dwarf planet
TXS:
- Texas Survey of Radio Sources at 365 MHz (TXS): 1970s/1970s radio survey made with the Texas Interferometer
TYC:
- Hipparcos: ESA astrometry space observatory circa 1990
Tycho Catalog:
- Hipparcos: ESA astrometry space observatory circa 1990
Tycho Input Catalog:
- Hipparcos: ESA astrometry space observatory circa 1990
Tycho Reference Catalog:
- Hipparcos: ESA astrometry space observatory circa 1990
Tycho SNR:
- SN 1572: Type IA supernova noted in 1572 by Tycho Brahe
Tycho's Supernova:
- Cassiopeia A: supernova remnant visible for 300 years
- SN 1572: Type IA supernova noted in 1572 by Tycho Brahe
Tycho-1 Catalog:
- Hipparcos: ESA astrometry space observatory circa 1990
Tycho-2 Catalog:
- Hipparcos: ESA astrometry space observatory circa 1990
Type 1 AGN:
- Seyfert galaxy (Sy): visible active galaxy
Type 1 Seyfert galaxy:
- Seyfert galaxy (Sy): visible active galaxy
Type 2 AGN:
- Seyfert galaxy (Sy): visible active galaxy
Type 2 Seyfert galaxy:
- Seyfert galaxy (Sy): visible active galaxy
Type 3 Seyfert galaxy:
- LINER: galaxy nucleus emitting spectral lines for ionized and neutral atoms
- Seyfert galaxy (Sy): visible active galaxy
Type A CAI:
- CAI: calcium/aluminum specs in chondrites
Type B CAI:
- CAI: calcium/aluminum specs in chondrites
Type C CAI:
- CAI: calcium/aluminum specs in chondrites
Type I:
- planetary nebula (PN): gas shell ejected by a red giant
Type I Cepheid:
- Cepheid variable (CEP): type of star that varies with a constant period
Type I galaxy cluster:
- Bautz-Morgan classification: morphology classification of galaxy clusters
Type I migration:
- corotation torque: torque on a planet from coorbiting planetary disk material
- magnetorotational instability (MRI): instability in the fluid of a disk from MHD effects
- planetary migration: change in planet's orbit
Type I SLSN:
- superluminous supernova (SLSN): stellar explosion larger than a supernova
Type I supernova:
- supernova (SN): stellar explosion larger than a nova
- Type Ia supernova: type of supernova for which distance can be determined
Type Ia supernova: type of supernova for which distance can be determined
- SN 185: supernova recorded in China in AD 185
- supernova (SN): stellar explosion larger than a nova
- supernova progenitor: the star or star system that produces a supernova
- Type Ia supernova problem: lack of fully-convincing Type Ia supernovae triggering model
Type Ia supernova problem: lack of fully-convincing Type Ia supernovae triggering model
Type Ia supernova progenitor:
- supernova progenitor: the star or star system that produces a supernova
- Type Ia supernova problem: lack of fully-convincing Type Ia supernovae triggering model
Type Ia supernova survey:
- supernova survey: survey to identify and/or study supernovae
Type Ib supernova:
- core collapse supernova (CCSN): supernova resulting from the collapse of the core of a star
- supernova (SN): stellar explosion larger than a nova
Type Ic supernova:
- core collapse supernova (CCSN): supernova resulting from the collapse of the core of a star
- superluminous supernova (SLSN): stellar explosion larger than a supernova
- supernova (SN): stellar explosion larger than a nova
Type II:
- planetary nebula (PN): gas shell ejected by a red giant
Type II Cepheid:
- Cepheid variable (CEP): type of star that varies with a constant period
Type II migration:
- planetary migration: change in planet's orbit
Type II SLSN:
- superluminous supernova (SLSN): stellar explosion larger than a supernova
Type II supernova:
- core collapse supernova (CCSN): supernova resulting from the collapse of the core of a star
- supernova (SN): stellar explosion larger than a nova
Type II-L supernova:
- supernova (SN): stellar explosion larger than a nova
Type II-P supernova:
- supernova (SN): stellar explosion larger than a nova
Type IIb:
- supernova (SN): stellar explosion larger than a nova
Type III:
- planetary nebula (PN): gas shell ejected by a red giant
Type III galaxy cluster:
- Bautz-Morgan classification: morphology classification of galaxy clusters
Type III migration:
- planetary migration: change in planet's orbit
Type IIIE galaxy cluster:
- Bautz-Morgan classification: morphology classification of galaxy clusters
Type IIIS galaxy cluster:
- Bautz-Morgan classification: morphology classification of galaxy clusters
Type IIn supernova:
- superluminous supernova (SLSN): stellar explosion larger than a supernova
- supernova (SN): stellar explosion larger than a nova
Type IV:
- planetary nebula (PN): gas shell ejected by a red giant
Type V:
- planetary nebula (PN): gas shell ejected by a red giant
Type VI:
- planetary nebula (PN): gas shell ejected by a red giant
TZO:
- Thorne-Żytkow object (TZO,TŻO): giant star with a neutron star at its center

Index