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Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a computational method for modeling fluids (hydrodynamics) developed by Lucy, Gingold, and Monaghan in 1977, that represents fluids as many dispersed particles, simulating their dynamics incorporating mathematical techniques that smooth the results. The GADGET-2 astrophysical N-body simulator also includes SPH to model gas.
Variations on the concept are used to model the outcome of impacts.