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Fast Fourier Transform Telescope (FFT Telescope) is the name of a 2008 telescope-concept for a radio telescope array to observe 21-cm lines. A regular grid of antennas would collect the signal to be processed in real time using fast Fourier transform-processing to simulate a larger aperture telescope, a kind of aperture synthesis.
The phrase fast Fourier transform telescope is likely also used sometimes as a general phrase for other telescopes that similarly make use of the FFT to process interferometric data, but the occurrences of the phrase that I've seen are capitalized and refer to the above proposal.