Astrophysics: Most Read Articles

  1. astronomical symbol - traditional symbols specific to astronomy, for Sun, Earth, etc.
  2. standard gravitational parameter (μ) - a body's mass times the universal gravitational constant
  3. sigma-8 tension (S8 tension) - Lambda-CDM anomaly regarding matter fluctuation
  4. Paschen series - hydrogen lines for electrons settling from n > 3 to n = 3
  5. M-type star (M) - spectral class of star with a temperature in the vicinity of 2500 K
  6. Hill radius - radius of gravitational influence of a body
  7. alpha process (α process) - synthesis of elements through alpha capture
  8. J2 - geopotential coefficient regarding a planet's oblateness
  9. Bethe-Heitler process - type of pair production interaction near nuclei
  10. Brackett series - hydrogen lines for electrons settling from n > 4 to n = 4
  11. Fermi sea - atom's minimal-energy electrons filling its lower shells
  12. dex - a number or ratio's log base 10
  13. neutron degenerate matter - matter made up primarily of neutrons
  14. Rayleigh-Jeans law - yields approximation of black-body curve useful at low frequencies
  15. Pioneer - former NASA program for solar-system exploration
  16. CO ladder - series of CO rotational spectral lines
  17. Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit (TOV) - maximum mass of a neutron star
  18. Rosseland mean opacity - a useful weighted average of opacities at all the frequencies
  19. M94 - nearby dusty galaxy
  20. Hellings and Downs curve - expected correlation in pulsar timing residuals from random waves
  21. equilibrium temperature (Teq) - temperature a planet would have if it were an externally-heated black body
  22. SCALES - Keck instrument under development to directly observe exoplanets
  23. Hooker Telescope - 2.54-m reflector telescope in California
  24. wCDM - Big-Bang cosmological model with constant cosmological equation of state
  25. Balmer series (H) - hydrogen lines for electrons settling from n > 2 to n = 2
  26. ugriz photometric system - photometric system used for SDSS
  27. star formation rate (SFR) - rate at which material such as gas is turned into stars
  28. Gamow peak - relative speed at which the largest number of nuclei fuse within a gas
  29. u-v plane - plane for representing Fourier transforms of signal from the sky
  30. AstroPix - type of hard X-ray sensor
  31. astronomical catalog - list of observed astronomical bodies including characteristics
  32. final parsec problem - lack of a consensus theory on how SMBHs can reach each other
  33. Jeans length - critical radius above which gravity will collapse a cloud
  34. arcsecond (arcsec) - a 3600th of an angular degree
  35. e-folding time - time to increase by a factor of e
  36. BPT diagram - diagram comparing emission-line ratios for characterizing ionization
  37. dispersion measure (DM) - to what degree an EMR signal's lower frequencies are delayed
  38. LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration (LVK) - combined effort of three GW detectors
  39. short-period comet - comet with an orbital period of less than 200 years
  40. comet classifications - classes of comets based upon their orbits
  41. broad line region (BLR) - AGN region producing broader lines
  42. gravitational wave strain (h) - a measure of the magnitude of a gravitational wave
  43. solar mass (MSun) - mass unit representing the mass of the Sun
  44. Balmer jump (BJ) - abrupt change in stellar spectrum at the Balmer series wavelength limit
  45. spectral type - classification of stars based upon spectral features
  46. Toomre Q parameter (Q) - stability criterion for differentially rotating disks
  47. AMEGO-X - planned gamma-ray space observatory
  48. epoch J2000.0 - noon 1/1/2000 GMT as used as a time reference
  49. Lyman break (LB) - abrupt change in galaxy spectrum at the Lyman series wavelength limit
  50. analytical methods - using solved equations rather than a lot of arithmetic
  51. electron degeneracy - electrons set free of atoms by the Pauli exclusion principle
  52. interstellar object - body not bound to a particular star
  53. Alcock-Paczyński effect (AP effect) - type of distortion of the apparent depth of galaxy clusters
  54. mass-radius relation - model relating stellar mass and radius
  55. SH0ES - survey to increase the accuracy of the cosmic distance ladder
  56. Salpeter timescale - timescale for black hole growth
  57. Tianwen-3 - future Chinese Mars sample return mission
  58. Korsch telescope - type of three-mirror reflector telescope
  59. Bondi radius - radius within which a body moving through a medium will draw it in
  60. radiation era - early-universe era when radiation pressure dominated
  61. metallicity (Z) - metal fraction of an object
  62. Lambda-CDM model (ΛCDM) - Big-Bang cosmological model with a cosmological constant and cold dark matter
  63. ESCAPADE - NASA mission to study spaceweather at Mars
  64. bolometric luminosity (LBol) - total luminosity of an object at all wavelengths
  65. relativistic speed - a substantial fraction of the speed of light
  66. Eddington bias - selection bias from mistaking something common for something rare
  67. Illinois 400-Foot Radio Telescope - 1960s cylindrical telescope
  68. STMAG system - absolute monochromatic magnitude calibration used for HST
  69. K-type star (K) - spectral class of star a bit cooler than the Sun
  70. Lick indices - defined set of spectral line indexes for stars
  71. blue straggler (BSS) - star that exceeds a stellar cluster's turn-off point
  72. w0waCDM - particular parameterized Big-Bang cosmological model
  73. Balmer-break galaxy (BBG) - a galaxy emitting very little shorter than 3646 angstroms
  74. PHOENIX stellar model - computer model of a stellar photosphere
  75. chirp mass (Mc) - a reduced-mass-like quantity that relates to gravitational waves
  76. Rydberg unit - unit of energy near 13.6 eV
  77. H-beta (Hβ) - hydrogen line for electrons settling from n = 4 to n = 2
  78. optical depth (τ) - a measure of opaqueness of a path of light
  79. Mach number - ratio of flow-speed to sound-speed
  80. TOLIMAN - plan for a small space telescope
  81. Earth 2.0 (ET) - planned observatory-satellite to search for Earth-like planets
  82. gigayear (Gy) - a billion years
  83. wavefront error (WFE) - measure of a class of telescope distortion
  84. kappa mechanism (κ-mechanism) - stellar instability caused by opacity increasing with temperature
  85. angular power spectrum - method of characterizing the CMB
  86. relativistic invariance - quantity that remains the same regardless of frame of reference
  87. Mars Lander Mission (MLM) - future India space probe to land on Mars
  88. number density (n) - number of objects per volume
  89. Hayabusa - 2003-2010 JAXA mission that returned a sample of an asteroid
  90. plate scale - relation between angle and distance across an image
  91. SPT2349-56 - early galaxy cluster with high star formation
  92. alpha-enhanced - metallicity with a high percentage of alpha elements
  93. halo orbit - type of orbit around an unstable Lagrangian point
  94. reionization-limited HI cloud (RELHIC) - dark matter halo with HI but no stars
  95. KM3-230213A - extremely energetic neutrino from space detected in 2023
  96. galaxy main sequence - relation between galaxies' star formation and stellar mass
  97. column density - measure of the matter through which EMR is passing
  98. Lyman series (L) - hydrogen series from electrons settling from n > 1 to n = 1
  99. 2I/Borisov - interstellar comet spotted in 2019
  100. Paul-Baker telescope - type of three-mirror reflector telescope
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