The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is
just that. Astronomy projects include:
IRTS and AKARI (infrared),
CORSA-b, ASTRO-A through D (X-ray, including Ginga),
SOLAR-A (solar)
and HALCA (radio).
JAXA was formed in 2003, one of the predecessor agencies being
the National Space Development Agency (of Japan, NASDA).