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Ulysses (aka International Solar Polar Mission, ISPM) was an ESA-NASA space probe aiming to observe the Sun from directions off the ecliptic, i.e., at high solar latitudes. It was launched in 1990 and used a Jupiter gravity assist to place it in an orbit ranging from 1.35 to 5.4 AU with an orbital inclination of around 80°, observing until 2009. Over its lifetime, it passed close to Jupiter again as well as some comets, yielding some fortuitous observation. Instruments:
Two radio science experiments were carried out: