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The European Space Research Organisation (ESRO) was a collaboration of ten European countries for space research, formed in 1964 and combined with other European space efforts in 1975 to form the European Space Agency (ESA). Its mission included astronomical research as well as space technology research. Missions included sounding rockets to study the upper Earth atmosphere as well as astronomical targets and a few satellites and it began some satellite projects that were launched after the formation of the ESA.