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EUSO-SPB (for Extreme Universe Space Observatory-Super-Pressure Balloon) is a balloon-borne mission to detect ultra-high energy cosmic rays and neutrinos of analogous energy (greater than 5×1019eV). It flew 13 days of a planned 100-day mission in 2017, and a second mission in May 2023 (EUSO-SPB2 aka EUSO-2, launched at from Wānaka Airport, New Zealand) flew for 35 hours. Its purpose is observing the particles' resulting air showers within Earth atmosphere, doing so from above to detect them over a large region, giving it the opportunity to detect the less-common higher-energy particles.
EUSO (Extreme Universe Space Observatory), is an international collaboration to develop such astronomical instruments, and EUSO-SPB is one of several instruments it has in various stages of development or operation. EUSO-SPB evolved from a concept to put such an instrument on the International Space Station (ISS).