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The Voigt profile is a model shape of spectral lines. It is the shape the Voigt function, a convolution of two distribution functions, that model the result of two types of line broadening together, Doppler broadening and pressure broadening. The math offers a means of analyzing a line regarding these two effects.
Given the challenge of convolutions, approximations have been developed, now probably most useful for cases where such a model's calculation must be done many times (or back-of-the-envelope analysis).