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The term one dimensional climate model (1D climate model) is used for models of a planet's climate that simplify by showing differences along just one of the three dimensions (in contrast to more explicit, but more complex three dimensional models). In modeling the climate of an extra-solar planet, this offers a rough approximation and for many exoplanets, likely all that can be accomplished with any accuracy. James Kasting developed such models. The term energy balance model (EBM) is used for very simple climate models, some of which are termed zero dimensional, i.e., those that merely treat the planet as a whole.
Such a one-dimensional model can model differences by altitude (distance from the surface), modeling that includes energy transfer through radiation and convection but no explicit modeling of winds, thus no explicit Hadley cells, vortices, Rossby waves, etc.
Alternately, it can model differences by latitude, e.g., modeling the overall balance of incoming and outgoing radiation along with albedo and other factors, but doing this separately for a number of encircling strips between equator and pole.